The Muscular System Flashcards
1
Q
bi-
A
twice, double, two
2
Q
clon/o
A
violent action
3
Q
dys-
A
bad, difficult, or painful
4
Q
fasci/o
A
fascia, fibrous band
5
Q
fibr/o
A
fibrous tissue, fiber
6
Q
-ia
A
abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium
7
Q
-ic
A
pertaining to
8
Q
kines/o, kinesi/o
A
movement
9
Q
-lysis
A
to set free, break down
10
Q
my/o
A
muscle
11
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis, stroke
12
Q
tax/o
A
coordination, order
13
Q
ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o
A
tendon, stretch out, extend, strain
14
Q
ton/o
A
tone, stretching, tension
15
Q
tri-
A
three
16
Q
abduction
A
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body
17
Q
adduction
A
the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body
18
Q
adhesion
A
a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
19
Q
ataxia
A
the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement
20
Q
atonic
A
lacking normal muscle tone or strength
21
Q
atrophy
A
weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structure
22
Q
bradykinesia
A
extreme slowness in movement
23
Q
carpal tunnel syndrome
A
swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
24
Q
chronic fatigue syndrome
A
a disease of unknown cause that affects many body systems, with symptoms similar to those of fibromyalgia
25
circumduction
the circular movement at the far end of a limb
26
compartment syndrome
involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg; this syndrome can be caused by trauma tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running
27
dorsiflexion
the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
28
dyskinesia
distortion or impairment of voluntary movement
29
dystonia
a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles
30
electromygraphy
a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation
31
epicondylitis
the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow
32
ergonomics
the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment
33
exercise physiologist
a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness
34
fasciitis
inflammation of a fascia
35
fibromyalgia
a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms
36
ganglion cyst
a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes as a result of a past injury
37
heel spur
a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel
38
hemiparesis
slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body
39
hemiplegia
total paralysis affecting only one side of the body
40
hernia
occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it.
41
hyperkinesia
abnormally increased muscle function or activity
42
hypotonia
a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles
43
impingement syndrome
inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint
44
innervation
the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve
45
insertion
where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon; in contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body
46
intermittent claudication
pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
47
muscular dystrophy
a group of more than 30 genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system
48
myasthenia gravis
a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles
49
myoclonus
the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or gorup of muscles
50
myofascial release
a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of condition such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome
51
myoparesis
weakness or slight muscular paralysis
52
myorrhaphy
surgical suturing of a muscle
53
neuromuscular
pertaining to the relationship between a neve and muscle
54
oblique
slanted or at an angle
55
origin
where the muscle begins; located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less movable attachement
56
paralysis
the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply
57
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body
58
physiatrist
a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.
59
plantar fasciitis
inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running
60
polymyositis
muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body
61
pronation
the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward and backward
62
quadriplegia
paralysis of all four extremities
63
sarcopenia
the loss of muscle mass, strength, and funtion that comes with aging
64
shin splint
pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia
65
singultus
myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm
66
sphincter
a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway
67
sprain
injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist, that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament
68
tendinopathy
the general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for example in the rotator cuff
69
tenodesis
surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to bone
70
tenolysis
the release of a tendon from adhesions
71
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the sheath arouond a tendon
72
tenotomy
surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening
73
torticollis
a stiff neck due to spasmodic contradiction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side
74
transverse
in a crosswise direction
