Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
acr/o
A
extremities (hands and feet), top, extreme point
2
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal glands
3
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
4
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
5
Q
glyc/o
A
glucose, sugar
6
Q
gonad/o
A
gonad, sex glands
7
Q
-ism
A
condition, state of
8
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancreas
9
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid glands
10
Q
pineal/o
A
pineal gland
11
Q
pituitar/o
A
pituitary gland
12
Q
poly-
A
many
13
Q
somat/o
A
body
14
Q
thym/o
A
thymus gland
15
Q
thyr/o, thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
16
Q
acromegaly
A
rare hormonal disorder characterized by abnormal enlargement of the extremities caused by the excessive secretion of growth hormone after puberty
17
Q
Addison’s disease
A
a condition that occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough cortisol or aldosterone
18
Q
adrenalitis
A
inflammation of the adrenal glands
19
Q
aldosteronism
A
an abnormality of electrolyte balance caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone
20
Q
antidiuretic hormone
A
secreted by the hypothalamus and stored in the pituitary gland; helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys
21
Q
calcitonin
A
secreted by the thyroid gland; hormone that works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth
22
Q
corticosteroids
A
steroid hormones produces by the adrenal cortex
23
Q
cortisol
A
also known as hydrocortisone, is a corticosteroid that has an anti-inflammatory action; also helps regulate the metabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins in the body
24
Q
cretinism
A
congenital form of hypothyroidism
25
Cushing's syndrome
a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
26
diabetes insipidus
an uncommon disorder caused by insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone or by the inability of the kidneys to respond to this hormone.
27
diabetes mellitus
a group of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in the body's production of insulin (type 1) or its ability to use it properly (type 2)
28
diabetic ketoacidosis
a life-threatening diabetes complication caused by a buildup of acids (called ketones) in the blood
29
diabetic retinopathy
damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
30
electrolytes
mineral substances--calcium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium--that are normally found in the blood and other bodily fluids
31
epinephrine
also known as adrenaline, stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear
32
estrogen
hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important for the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics and in regulation of the menstrual cycle
33
exophthalmos
an abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
34
follicle-stimulating hormone
stimulating the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova (eggs) in the ovaries of the female; in the male, it stimulates the production of sperm in the testicles (testes)
35
fructosamine test
a blood test that measures average glucose levels over the past three weeks
36
gestational diabetes mellitus
a form of diabetes that occurs during some pregnancies
37
gigantism
abnormal growth of the entire body caused by excessive secretion of the growth hormone before puberty
38
glucagon
hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose in the bloodstream; increases the glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose for release into the bloodstream
39
glucose
basic form of energy used by the body
40
Graves' disease
a disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone
41
growth hormone
aka somatotropic hormone; regulates the growth of bone, muscle, and other body tissues
42
gynecomastia
the condition of excessive mammary development in the male
43
Hashimoto's disease
an autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
44
hypercalcemia
abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth
45
hyperglycemia
an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
46
hyperinsulinism
a condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream
47
hyperpituitarism
the excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
48
hyperthyroidism
the overproduction of thyroid hormones
49
hypoglycemia
an abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
50
hypothyroidism
a condition caused by a deficiency of thyroid secretion
51
insulin
hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream
52
insulinoma
a benign tumor of the pancreas that secretes additional insulin, causing hypoglycemia
53
ketosis
a normal metabolic process that helps the body utilize stored fat when other sources of energy are lacking
54
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
a minimally invasive procedure to surgically remove one or both adrenal glands
55
leptin
hormone secreted by fat calls that is involved in the regulation of appetite
56
luteinizing hormone
stimulates ovulation in the female; in the male, stimulates the secretion of testosterone
57
myxedema
a severe form of adult hypothyroidism caused by extreme deficiency of thyroid secretion
58
norepinephrine
released as a hormone by the adrenal medulla and as a neurohormone by the sympathetic nervous system
59
oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth; after childbirth, it controls postnatal hemorrhage and stimulates the flow of milk from the mammary glands
60
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
61
parathyroidectomy
surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
62
pituitary adenoma
slow-growing, benign tumor of the pituitary gland, functional pituitary tumors often produce hormones in large and unregulated amounts
63
polydipsia
excessive thirst
64
polyphagia
excessive hunger
65
polyuria
excessive urination
66
prediabetes
condition in which the BGL is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
67
progesterone
hormone released during the second half of the menstrual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary its function is to complete the preparation of the uterus for possible pregnancy
68
prolactinoma
a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin
69
puberty
process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes an adult body that is capable of reproducing; marked by maturing of the genital organs, development of secondary sex characteristics, and the first occurrence of menstruation in the female
70
radioactive iodine treatment
oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
71
steroids
a large family of hormones derived from cholesterol
72
testosterone
steroid hormone secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics
73
thymectomy
surgical removal of the thymus gland
74
thymosin
plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells
75
thyroxine
one of two primary thyroid hormones (the other is triiodothyronine) that regulates the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other body systems
