Urinary system Flashcards
Composition Of Blood
(7)
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Nutrients
Plasma proteins
Chemicals (waste)
Water
The Urinary System function
homeostasis
Excretion
Osmoregulation
Endocrine gland
Osmoregulation
This keeps the chemical composition and volume of the blood constant by
eliminating excess water and salts
- Endocrine gland
Secretes the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes (RBCs)
How are toxins broken down
Excess amino acids/proteins produces waste = Ammonia
Ammonia is filtered and converted by Liver into Urea and Uric acid.
Which is Filtered by kidneys
Excreted as Urine
Creatinine
Generated by normal cell metabolism
within the muscles
In a blood test what can indicate functioning quality of the kidneys
Blood urea and creatinine
UROGENITAL SYSTEM
Urinary and reproductive systems are linked
HILUS
where blood vessels, nerves and ureters enter and
leave the kidney
The kidneys do no not lie equal distances
Left more caudal
capsule function and structure
Fibrous tissue capsule
* Tough outer coat
* Protects kidney
* Surrounded by fat
Cortex
Outer layer
* Contains renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules of the nephrons
* Dark in colour
Medulla
Paler than cortex
Pyramids -collecting ducts of the nephrons
loops of Henle
Name the structures within the nephron
- Glomerular or Bowman’s capsule
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
Kidneys blood supply
From aorta to renal artery
glomerulus
Network of capillaries within the bowmans capsule
renal corpuscle
A capsule and a glomerulus together
Proximal convoluted tubule function
Water and electrolytes are reabsorbed
Function of Loop of Henle
concentrates urine
Function of Distal convoluted tubule
final adjustments are made to the electrolyte content of the urine
function of Collecting ducts
Collects urine from several nephrons and empties into the pelvis of the
kidney
ultrafiltration
The action blood being filtered by the glomerulus
glomerular filtrate
Fluid produced by the kidney after the blood has been filtered
Proximal Convoluted Tubule absorbs what types of molecules
water
sodium
glucose
What is absorbed in the loop of henle
sodium ions and chloride ions are reabsorbed
Descending limb vs Ascending limb of loop of henle
- Descending limb:
- Permeable to water
- Filtrate becomes more concentrated
- Ascending limb:
- Impermeable to water
- Contains sodium pumps
- Filtrate becomes less concentrated
Where are sodium pumps located
loop of Henle’s descending limb
Where does Selective Reabsorption occur
Distal Convoluted tubule
aldosterone
hormone
controls absorption of sodium ions
thyrocalcitonin and
parathormone controls the reabsorption of?
Calcium
Active Secretion function
To maintain acid base balance y secreting hydrogen ions
pH of blood
7.4
what changes the permeability of the duct walls to water
ADH produced by the posterior pituitary gland
Uraemia
toxicity resulting when the kidney is not able to filter
blood adequately
Diuresis
therapy where extra fluid is provided thus giving the kidney its
excretion medium to remove toxic waste
Dialysis
use of a fluid (dialyzer) to force the diffusion of certain solutes from the blood.
Urine is made up of?
- 96% water
- 4% solids
urine pH of a healthy dog or cat is between
(Dog 6.5, Cat 6)
For every 100 litres of blood filtered, how much urine is secreted
1 litre
Ureters
tissue type
smooth muscle
Urine moves along the ureters using
peristalsis
ureterovesical valve
Trigone
prevents urine backflow into ureters
Bladder wall consists of
Transitional cell epithelium
Submucosal layer of elastic tissue and smooth muscle
Peritoneum
(detrusor muscle)
Internal sphincter is under what type of control
involuntary
External sphincter is under what type of control
voluntary
Voluntary control is not fully developed in puppies and kittens until?
10 weeks of age
In the female the urethra open where
vagina and vestibule
In the male dog The urethra is divided into 2 parts
pelvic urethra and
the penile urethra
Renin
Produced from glomeruli
* Due to fall in arterial pressure
angiotensinogen is converted into?
Converted to angiotensin by renin
Function of Angiotensin
- Causes vasoconstriction
- Stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
Function of Antidiuretic hormone in the kidneys?
Increases water permeability of collecting duct
Where is ADH produced
Posterier pituitary gland
function of Baroreceptors
Detects pressure change
Osmoreceptors
Hypothalamus
The kidneys produce three important hormones:
- Erythropoietin (EPO)
- Active vitamin D
- Renin
Erythropoietin
Stimulates RBC production
within the bone marrow
Vitamin D function in the kidneys
Regulates blood levels of calcium and phosphorus
Renin function
Controls blood vessel stability
Regulates blood pressure.
Converts enzymes
