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anatomical direction > Urinary system > Flashcards

Urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

Composition Of Blood
(7)

A

White blood cells
Red blood cells
Platelets
Nutrients
Plasma proteins
Chemicals (waste)
Water

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2
Q

The Urinary System function

A

homeostasis
Excretion
Osmoregulation
Endocrine gland

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3
Q

Osmoregulation

A

This keeps the chemical composition and volume of the blood constant by
eliminating excess water and salts

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4
Q
  • Endocrine gland
A

Secretes the hormone erythropoietin which stimulates the bone marrow to produce erythrocytes (RBCs)

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5
Q

How are toxins broken down

A

Excess amino acids/proteins produces waste = Ammonia
Ammonia is filtered and converted by Liver into Urea and Uric acid.
Which is Filtered by kidneys
Excreted as Urine

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6
Q

Creatinine

A

Generated by normal cell metabolism
within the muscles

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7
Q

In a blood test what can indicate functioning quality of the kidneys

A

Blood urea and creatinine

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8
Q

UROGENITAL SYSTEM

A

Urinary and reproductive systems are linked

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9
Q

HILUS

A

where blood vessels, nerves and ureters enter and
leave the kidney

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10
Q

The kidneys do no not lie equal distances

A

Left more caudal

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11
Q

capsule function and structure

A

Fibrous tissue capsule
* Tough outer coat
* Protects kidney
* Surrounded by fat

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12
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer
* Contains renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules of the nephrons
* Dark in colour

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13
Q

Medulla

A

Paler than cortex
Pyramids -collecting ducts of the nephrons
loops of Henle

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14
Q

Name the structures within the nephron

A
  • Glomerular or Bowman’s capsule
  • Proximal convoluted tubule
  • Loop of Henle
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • Collecting duct
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15
Q

Kidneys blood supply

A

From aorta to renal artery

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16
Q

glomerulus

A

Network of capillaries within the bowmans capsule

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17
Q

renal corpuscle

A

A capsule and a glomerulus together

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18
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule function

A

Water and electrolytes are reabsorbed

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19
Q

Function of Loop of Henle

A

concentrates urine

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20
Q

Function of Distal convoluted tubule

A

final adjustments are made to the electrolyte content of the urine

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21
Q

function of Collecting ducts

A

Collects urine from several nephrons and empties into the pelvis of the
kidney

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22
Q

ultrafiltration

A

The action blood being filtered by the glomerulus

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23
Q

glomerular filtrate

A

Fluid produced by the kidney after the blood has been filtered

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24
Q

Proximal Convoluted Tubule absorbs what types of molecules

A

water
sodium
glucose

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25
Q

What is absorbed in the loop of henle

A

sodium ions and chloride ions are reabsorbed

26
Q

Descending limb vs Ascending limb of loop of henle

A
  • Descending limb:
  • Permeable to water
  • Filtrate becomes more concentrated
  • Ascending limb:
  • Impermeable to water
  • Contains sodium pumps
  • Filtrate becomes less concentrated
27
Q

Where are sodium pumps located

A

loop of Henle’s descending limb

28
Q

Where does Selective Reabsorption occur

A

Distal Convoluted tubule

29
Q

aldosterone

A

hormone
controls absorption of sodium ions

30
Q

thyrocalcitonin and
parathormone controls the reabsorption of?

A

Calcium

31
Q

Active Secretion function

A

To maintain acid base balance y secreting hydrogen ions

32
Q

pH of blood

A

7.4

33
Q

what changes the permeability of the duct walls to water

A

ADH produced by the posterior pituitary gland

34
Q

Uraemia

A

toxicity resulting when the kidney is not able to filter
blood adequately

35
Q

Diuresis

A

therapy where extra fluid is provided thus giving the kidney its
excretion medium to remove toxic waste

36
Q

Dialysis

A

use of a fluid (dialyzer) to force the diffusion of certain solutes from the blood.

37
Q

Urine is made up of?

A
  • 96% water
  • 4% solids
38
Q

urine pH of a healthy dog or cat is between

A

(Dog 6.5, Cat 6)

39
Q

For every 100 litres of blood filtered, how much urine is secreted

A

1 litre

40
Q

Ureters
tissue type

A

smooth muscle

41
Q

Urine moves along the ureters using

A

peristalsis

42
Q

ureterovesical valve
Trigone

A

prevents urine backflow into ureters

43
Q

Bladder wall consists of

A

Transitional cell epithelium
Submucosal layer of elastic tissue and smooth muscle
Peritoneum

44
Q

(detrusor muscle)

A
45
Q

Internal sphincter is under what type of control

A

involuntary

46
Q

External sphincter is under what type of control

A

voluntary

47
Q

Voluntary control is not fully developed in puppies and kittens until?

A

10 weeks of age

48
Q

In the female the urethra open where

A

vagina and vestibule

49
Q

In the male dog The urethra is divided into 2 parts

A

pelvic urethra and
the penile urethra

50
Q

Renin

A

Produced from glomeruli
* Due to fall in arterial pressure

51
Q

angiotensinogen is converted into?

A

Converted to angiotensin by renin

52
Q

Function of Angiotensin

A
  • Causes vasoconstriction
  • Stimulates adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
53
Q

Function of Antidiuretic hormone in the kidneys?

A

Increases water permeability of collecting duct

54
Q

Where is ADH produced

A

Posterier pituitary gland

55
Q

function of Baroreceptors

A

Detects pressure change

56
Q

Osmoreceptors

A

Hypothalamus

57
Q

The kidneys produce three important hormones:

A
  • Erythropoietin (EPO)
  • Active vitamin D
  • Renin
58
Q

Erythropoietin

A

Stimulates RBC production
within the bone marrow

59
Q

Vitamin D function in the kidneys

A

Regulates blood levels of calcium and phosphorus

60
Q

Renin function

A

Controls blood vessel stability
Regulates blood pressure.
Converts enzymes

anatomical direction (21 decks)

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