Digestive system Flashcards
Source of Saliver
Salivary glands
Source of bile
Liver
Source of gastric juices
Stomach
Source of pancreatic juices
Pancreas
Source of intestinal juices
Small intestinal wall
Site of action saliver
mouth
Site of action bile
duodenum
Site of action gastric juices
stomach
Site of action pancreatic juices
duodenum
Site of action intestinal juices
small intestines
what Enzymes are in saliva
None
what Enzymes are in bile
Bile salts
What Enzymes are in gastric juices
Pepsin
Lipase
What Enzymes are in pancreatic juices
Trypsin
Peptidases
Amylase
Lipase
What Enzymes are in intestinal juices
Peptidases
Disaccharidases
Saliva act on
Food
Bile acts on
Fat
Pancreatic juices action
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Fat droplets
Gastric acids act on
Protein and fats
Intestinal juices act on
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Saliva is produced to
give lubrication
Gastric juices help to produce?
Polypeptides
Smaller fat molecules
What component does gastric juices needs to help break down fat and produce polypeptides
Hydrochloric
acid
What molecules does the pancreatic juices produce
Dipeptides
Amino acids
Polysaccarides
Fatty acids,
glycerol
Bicarbonate
Intestinal juices produce?
Amino acids
Monosaccharides
Mucous bicarbonate
Saprophytes
Feed on dead or decaying material
Holozoic feeders
Take food into their bodies and digest it
Egestion
Elimination of undigestible food from the body
parts of the digestive system
Mouth
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Anus
Accessory Glands of the digestive system
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gall bladder
Dental Formulae Adult dog
42
I:3/3, C1/1, PM 4/4 M 2/3
Dental Formulae Adult Cat
30
I: 3/3 C:1/1 PM 3/2 M:1/1
Dental Formulae Puppy
I 3/3 C 1/1 Pm 3/3 M 0/0
Dental formulae kitten
I 3/3 C 1/1 Pm 3/2 M 0/0
Dental formulae rabbit
I 2/1 C 0/0 Pm 3/2 M 3/3
4 Pairs Of Salivary Glands?
Paratid gland
sublingual gland
mandibular gland
zygomatic gland
Pharynx function
Forms a cross-over between the digestive and the respiratory
systems
Eustachian (auditory) tube
Connects middle ear
Oesophagus
pharynx to the cardiac sphincter of the stomach
time it takes for bouls of food to be swollowed
15-30 seconds
Stomach location
cranial abdomen, slightly to the left side of the body.
4 main functions of the stomach?
Act as a reservoir for food.
Mix and break up the food
Begin protein digestion
Secretes gastrin into blood
Locations within the stomach?
cardiac, fundus, body, and
pyloric regions
lesser curvature: right
greater curvatures: left
Type of tissue stomach is lined with
simple columnar epithelium
5 main Gastric glands
Mucous and goblet cells
Parietal cells
Chief cells
Endocrine (D&G cells)
Enterochromaffin-like cells
Small Intestine role
enzymatic digestion absorption
Gall bladder
Stores bile produced by liver
4 layers of tissue within the wall of the small intestine?
The mucosa: simple columnar epithelium with villi
The submucosa
The smooth muscle
The serosa - outer layer
Name of glands in duodenum
Brunners gland
Name of glands located in the Jejunum and Ileum
Crypts of Lieberkühn
Function of Large Intestine
absorb water, vitamins and electrolytes
The structures of large intestine of the dog consists
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Rectum
Anus
Caecum
blind ending sac
Role of caecum in rabbits and Guinea pigs
contains bacteria
which breaks down cellulose
ileo-caecal valve
Controls passage of food from the ileum to the large intestines or colon
colon/large intestine main function
absorbs water
compacts waste
Function of goblet cells in large intestine
To produce Mucus to
aid the passage of faeces out of the rectum
Stercobilin?
a pigment derived from bile which gives faeces its
colour
Whats the largest gland in the body
Liver
Liver location
cranial abdomen between the stomach and
diaphragm
Function of the liver (9)
Produces bile
Regulates amino acids
Stores glucose (glycogen)
Stores fat (fat soluble vitamins)
Produces all clotting factors
Produces albumin and globulin
Detoxifies dangerous waste
Destroys old RBC
Stores Iron
falciform ligament
Liver Blood Supply
TOWARDS: hepatic artery (oxygenated)
hepatic portal vein
AWAY: The hepatic vein
The liver produces or synthesises
Glycogen
Cholesterol
Plasma proteins
Bile salts
Bile pigments
Bicarbonate
Haemosiderin
* Urea
* Erythropoietic factor (this is the substance which stimulates bone marrow to
make red blood cells)
2 bile salts
Sodium glycocholate, sodium taurocholate
Name a bile pigment
bilirubin, biliverdin
what is urea?
what is Haemosiderin
function of Erythropoietic
stimulates production of blood cells in bone marrow
Gall Bladder function
Stores bile produced y live
The Pancreas
Endocrine: secrete insulin & glucagon into the blood.
(islets of langerhans)
Exocrine: secrete digestive enzymes that act upon carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Action of Amylase
breaks down starch to maltose
Action of lipase
breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol
Action of trysinogen
converted to active trypsin acts on protein
Action of trypsin
acts on peptides and other proteins
Ammonia
type of nitrogenous
waste (e.g urea)
pH of saliva
6.5
ph of gastric juice
1.5
pH of bile, pancreatic juice
7-8
what is an Enzymes
Protein molecules that increase the speed of chemical reactions in the
body
Villi
Hair like projections linging intestinal wall (increase surface area)
Hydrolysis
Splitting of substances with use of water
Glycerol
combination of oils & fats
