CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD and HEART Flashcards
Functions Of Blood
TRANSPORT
(oxygen, nutrients, hormones and enzymes metabolic waste, carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes)
PROTECTION
(WBCs, antibodies, clotting)
REGULATION
(body temperature, fluids and pH)
Haemopoiesis produces…?
BLOOD CELLS
Erythropoiesis
Production of RBCs
Leucopoiesis
Production of WBCs
Thrombopoiesis
Production of platelets
Howell-Jolly bodies
fine threads of nucleus remnants (mature RBCs)
When are mature erythrocytes released into the circulation
after 4-7 days
what type of tissue is blood
connective tissue
What is he pH of blood
7.4
what percentage of blood does the body make up?
7%
What Is Blood Made Of?
plasma 55%
WBC’s/platelets <1%
RBC’s 45%
Difference between Plasma & Serum
When the plasma uses the clotting factors the plasma
becomes serum
haemoglobin is a
Protein
Lifespan of RBCs
Life span 120 days
Leucocytes AKA
WBC
Are WBC Nucleated?
Yes
3 types of Granulocytes?
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Basophil
Granulocytes characteristics
Segmented or lobed nuclei
Granules in cytoplasm
Most common granulocyte
Neutrophil
Neutrophil characteristics and function
Segmented nucleus
Granulated cytoplasm
Engulf bacteria and debris
Eosinophil characteristics and function
Granulated cytoplasm
nucleus 2 lobes
Regulate allergic and inflammatory
processes
Basophil
Nucleus with separated lobes
Secrete Histamine & Heparin
The 2 types of Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
Agranulated cytoplasm
Important cells in specific immune response
Monocytes nucleus characteristics
Oval, or horse shoe shaped nucleus
Where are monocytes produced
bone marrow
Where are platelets/Thrombocytes made
bone marrow
Lifespan of platelets
10 days
What is a PCV
Packed Cell Volume
Measurment of the percentage of red blood cells in blood
Normal PCV for dogs and cats
Dog = 45%
Cat = 35%
equation for PCV
Length of column (RBC)/ length of column x 100 = PCV %
What vitamin from the liver is needed for blood clotting
Vitamin K
where along the ribs is the heart located
3rd and 4th ribs
what are the 4 layers of the heart
- Endocardium (Inside layer of heart)
- Myocardium (muscular layer of heart
- Epicardium (outside layer of heart)
- Pericardium (sac enclosing heart)
What side of the heart contains oxygenated blood
left
What side of the heart contacins deoxygenated blood
Right
Atria
upper chambers of heart
ventricles
lower chamber of the heart
Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the heart into..
right atrium through the vena cava
the right ventricle which also contracts and forces
blood out of the heart into the artery leading to the lungs called
The pulmonary artery
Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the
Left atrium through the
pulmonary vein
The left ventricle forces blood through the…?
Aorta
Name a heart Valve Disease
Pulmonic Stenosis
Diastole
atria & ventricles relax
Atrial systole
atria contracts, ventricles
relax
Ventricular systole
atria relax & ventricles
contract
sinoatrial node location
Left ventricle wall
Purpose of sinoatrial node
Starts heart beat
atrioventricular node location
Found at top of interventricular septum
bundle of His
nervous Fibres running length of heart septum
(Assists with contraction)
Purkinje’s fibres
neurons in Heart wall
(Assists with contraction)
what is an Electrocardiogram (ECG) used for?
Measure electrical activity in the heart
what is a Holter Monitor used for
Measure electrical activity in the heart (24 hour ECG)
On an ECG what is a P- Wave
When the atria is contracting
On an ECG what is the QRS wave
When the ventricles are activated
On an ECG what is the T wave
When the heart recovers
LUB
closing of AV valves: beginning of systole
DUB
closing of semilunar valves: end of systole
