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anatomical direction > anatomical > Flashcards

anatomical Flashcards

1
Q

Meaning of Anatomy?

A

Physical structure of the body

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2
Q

Meaning of Physiology

A

Way in which the body systems
work

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3
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the belly or lowermost
surface of the animal

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4
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back of the animal

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5
Q

Caudal / posterior

A

Towards the rear or tail of the
animal

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6
Q

Cranial / anterior

A

Towards the front or the head of
the animal

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7
Q

Rostral

A

Towards the nose

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8
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the tail.

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9
Q

Proximal

A

Towards the body

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10
Q

Distal

A

Away from the body

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11
Q

Palmar

A

Rear surface of front paw

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12
Q

Plantar

A

Rear surface of hind paw

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13
Q

Front aspect of either paw

A

Dorsal

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14
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the median plane or
midline of the animal.

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15
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane or
midline of the animal

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16
Q

Median or sagittal plane

A

Divides
body into right and left

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17
Q

Transverse plane

A

Perpendicular to
long axis of the body cutting it into front and
back

18
Q

Dorsal plane

A

Parallel to back cutting
into top and bottom

19
Q

Para-sagittal plane

A

Parallel to
median plane moving more laterally

20
Q

Contralateral

A
21
Q

Ipsilateral

A
22
Q

Flexion

A

Reducing the joint angle

23
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the joint angle

24
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the medial
plane

25
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the medial
plane

26
Q

Protraction

A
27
Q

Retraction

A
28
Q

Supination

A
29
Q

Pronation

A
30
Q

What are the main body cavities typically found in animals?

A

Thoracic cavity. Abdominal cavity. Pelvic cavity.

31
Q

What are the characteristics of serous membranes in body cavities?

A

Continuous layers of epithelium that line the body cavities.
Produce a watery lubricating fluid
- allows organs to move smoothly within the cavities.

32
Q

What serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity

A

Pleura

33
Q

What serous membrane lines the Abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

34
Q

Parietal (serous membrane)

A

Lining the boundaries or sides
(walls) of the cavity

35
Q

Visceral (serous membrane)

A

Covering the organs (viscera)
within the cavity

36
Q

Thoracic Cavity Boundaries

A

Cranially: Thoracic inlet
(First thoracic vertebrae, first pair of ribs & cranial end of sternum)
Caudally: Diaphragm
Dorsally: Thoracic vertebrae & hypaxial muscles.
Ventrally: Sternum
Laterally: Ribs & intercostal muscles

37
Q

Mediastinum

A

Heart
Trachea
Oesophagus
Major blood vessels

38
Q

Abdominal Cavity Boundaries

A

Cranially: Diaphragm
Caudally: Pelvic inlet
Dorsally: Lumbar vertebrae
Ventrally: Abdominal muscles
Laterally: Abdominal muscles

39
Q

Omentum

A

Lacy sheet of peritoneum.
(from the stomach to caudal abdomen).

40
Q

Mesentery

A

Membrane that attaches intestine to abdominal wall.

41
Q

Pelvic Cavity Boundaries

A

Cranially: Pelvic inlet
Caudally: Pelvic outlet
Dorsally: Sacrum
Ventrally: Floor of pelvis
Laterally: Lateral walls of pelvis.

anatomical direction (21 decks)

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