anatomical Flashcards
Meaning of Anatomy?
Physical structure of the body
Meaning of Physiology
Way in which the body systems
work
Ventral
Towards the belly or lowermost
surface of the animal
Dorsal
Towards the back of the animal
Caudal / posterior
Towards the rear or tail of the
animal
Cranial / anterior
Towards the front or the head of
the animal
Rostral
Towards the nose
Caudal
Towards the tail.
Proximal
Towards the body
Distal
Away from the body
Palmar
Rear surface of front paw
Plantar
Rear surface of hind paw
Front aspect of either paw
Dorsal
Medial
Closer to the median plane or
midline of the animal.
Lateral
Away from the median plane or
midline of the animal
Median or sagittal plane
Divides
body into right and left
Transverse plane
Perpendicular to
long axis of the body cutting it into front and
back
Dorsal plane
Parallel to back cutting
into top and bottom
Para-sagittal plane
Parallel to
median plane moving more laterally
Contralateral
Ipsilateral
Flexion
Reducing the joint angle
Extension
Increasing the joint angle
Abduction
Movement away from the medial
plane
Adduction
Movement towards the medial
plane
Protraction
Retraction
Supination
Pronation
What are the main body cavities typically found in animals?
Thoracic cavity. Abdominal cavity. Pelvic cavity.
What are the characteristics of serous membranes in body cavities?
Continuous layers of epithelium that line the body cavities.
Produce a watery lubricating fluid
- allows organs to move smoothly within the cavities.
What serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity
Pleura
What serous membrane lines the Abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
Parietal (serous membrane)
Lining the boundaries or sides
(walls) of the cavity
Visceral (serous membrane)
Covering the organs (viscera)
within the cavity
Thoracic Cavity Boundaries
Cranially: Thoracic inlet
(First thoracic vertebrae, first pair of ribs & cranial end of sternum)
Caudally: Diaphragm
Dorsally: Thoracic vertebrae & hypaxial muscles.
Ventrally: Sternum
Laterally: Ribs & intercostal muscles
Mediastinum
Heart
Trachea
Oesophagus
Major blood vessels
Abdominal Cavity Boundaries
Cranially: Diaphragm
Caudally: Pelvic inlet
Dorsally: Lumbar vertebrae
Ventrally: Abdominal muscles
Laterally: Abdominal muscles
Omentum
Lacy sheet of peritoneum.
(from the stomach to caudal abdomen).
Mesentery
Membrane that attaches intestine to abdominal wall.
Pelvic Cavity Boundaries
Cranially: Pelvic inlet
Caudally: Pelvic outlet
Dorsally: Sacrum
Ventrally: Floor of pelvis
Laterally: Lateral walls of pelvis.
