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anatomical direction > Respiratory system > Flashcards

Respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

Put in order the most soluble to the least soluble
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nitrogen

A

Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide

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2
Q

Oxygen + glucose energy + CO2 + water vapour

A

Respiration

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3
Q

Function of respiration

A

Inspire oxygen
expire carbon dioxide
Voice production
Temp regulation
acid base balance
Sense of smell

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4
Q

Define EXTERNAL respiration

A

Gaseous exchange between the air and the blood

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5
Q

Define Internal respiration

A

Gaseous exchange between the blood and the tissues

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6
Q

Structures involved in upper respiratory

A

(nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, pharynx and larynx)

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7
Q

Structures involved in lower respiratory tract

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs and alveoli

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8
Q

Percentage of nitrogenous gasses inspired and expired

A

Inspired: 79%
Expired: 79%

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9
Q

Percentage of oxygen inspired and expired

A

Inspired:21%
Expired: 16%

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10
Q

Percentage of carbon dioxide inspired and expired

A

Inspired: 0.04%
Expired: 4.5%

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11
Q

Structures within the nose

A

Nasal cavity and turbinate bones

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12
Q

PHARYNX

A

Cavity at back of mouth leading to the oesophagus and trachea

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13
Q

LARYNX

A

Between the pharynx and trachea, the voice box

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14
Q

TRACHEA

A

The windpipe running from the larynx down the neck and into the thorax

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15
Q

BRONCHI

A

Divisions and branches of the trachea entering the lungs

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16
Q

ALVEOLI

A

Tiny air filled sacs within the lungs where gaseous exchange occurs

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17
Q

Nose and Nasal Cavity functions

A

Warming
Filtering
Moistening

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18
Q

What tissue lines the nasal cavity

A

Ciliated mucous
epithelium

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19
Q

Location, structure and function of Turbinates?

A

Nasal cavity
scrolled bones
cooling of air?

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20
Q

Tissue covering external Rhinarium

A

stratified
squamous epidermis
(containing glands)

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21
Q

Alar folds

A

The scrolls of the external Rhinarium

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22
Q

Philtrum

A

line down to mouth

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23
Q

What is TRE

A

typical respiratory epithelium

ciliated pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with
goblet cells

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24
Q

Where is TRE found in the body

A

Upper respiratory tract

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25
Q

What are sinuses?

A

A sinus is an air-filled cavity lying within a bone

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26
Q

location of The Frontal Sinus

A

Lies within the frontal bone of the skull, above and between the eyes

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27
Q

Location of The Maxillary Sinus

A

Lies between the maxillary bone and the palatine bone just below each eye

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28
Q

What are the three sections the pharynx is split into?

A

Nasopharynx (dorsally)
Oropharynx (ventrally)
Laryngopharynx

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29
Q

What splits the pharynx the Nasopharynx and Oropharynx.

A

The soft palate

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30
Q

Purpose of Eustachian or auditory tubes

A

Ensure air pressure is equalised to protect the tympanic membrane

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31
Q

The Larynx

A

framework of cartilage, vocal cords and
muscle that connects the pharynx and trachea

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32
Q

Function of the larynx

A

ensure that only gases pass down
into the lower respiratory system

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33
Q

syrinx

A

sound producing organ of birds

34
Q

What suspends the larynx

A

hyoid apparatus

35
Q

hyoid apparatus

A

Bones that suspend the larynx

36
Q

epiglottis

A

Elastic Cartilage flap that sits over the glottis

37
Q

Glottis

A

The structure of boney cartilage forming a hole leading to larynx

38
Q

Where is the epiglottis lying when breathing

A

over the Pharynx

39
Q

List the laryngeal cartilages

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Arytenoid
Cricoid

40
Q

Location of hypoid apparatus

A

cranial end of the neck region, just ventral to the
skull

41
Q

What type of tissue is the Trachea made out of

A

Hyaline cartilage

42
Q

Structure of trachea

A

permanently open by rings of
cartilage
Between these rings are annular ligaments made up of fibrous connective
tissue and smooth muscle

43
Q

bifurcation of trachea

A

Where the trachea splits into 2 Bronchi
Above heart

44
Q

muco-ciliatory
escalator

A

Cilia which help to remove debris by
their wave-like motion upwards

45
Q

What does the muco- ciliatory escalator move

A

Mucus and debri up the trachea

46
Q

Carina?

A

The carina is a ridge of cartilage in the trachea that occurs
between the division of the two main bronchi

47
Q

Foreign bodies entering the trachea are more likely to fall down which bronchi and why?

A

Right Bronchus
The ridge of the Carina lies to the left of the midline.

48
Q

The Bronchi

A

Continuation of trachea that enter the lungs

49
Q

What tissue is bronchi made from

A

Walls contain smooth muscle

50
Q

What is the last part of bronchioles called

A

terminal bronchiole

51
Q

What are alveolis lined with

A

simple
squamous epithelium

52
Q

Lungs AKA

A

pleural cavities

53
Q

Name the lobes of the lungs

A

Cranial - apical
* Middle- cardiac
* Caudal- diaphragmatic
* The right lung has a 4th lobe – accessory

54
Q

Surfactant

A

are compounds that lowers the surface
tension of fluids and gases and facilitates movement of
molecules across

55
Q

TIDAL VOLUME

A

Amount of air breathed in and out in ONE respiratory cycle

56
Q

RESIDUAL VOLUME

A

Air remaining in lungs after maximum expiration

57
Q

MINUTE VOLUME

A

Amount of air moving in and out of lungs during a minute

58
Q

TOTAL LUNG CAPACITY

A

Total amount of air that can be inspired (based on 1 breath)

59
Q

EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (ERV)

A

total volume of air that can be voluntarily expired in
normal breathing

60
Q

INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME (IRV)

A

volume of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume

61
Q

VITAL CAPACITY

A

maximum amount of air that a person can expel from the
lungs after first filling the lungs to their maximum extent

62
Q

FUNCTIONAL RESIDUE CAPACITY (FRC)

A

Air left in lungs after a quiet respiration (Normal out after a normal breath in!)

63
Q

DEAD SPACE

A

volume of air in respiratory tract that never reaches the alveoli

64
Q

Spirometry

A

Measures volume of air held in the lungs during respiration

65
Q

Normal Respiration Rates
Dog

A

10–30/minute

66
Q

Normal Respiration Rates Cat

A

20-30/minute

67
Q

Normal Respiration Rates Rabbit

A

35–60/minute

68
Q

Normal Respiration Rates G-pig

A

60 – 140/minute

69
Q

Normal Respiration Rates Hamster

A

74–80/minute

70
Q

Normal Respiration Rates Rat

A

60 – 140/minute

71
Q

Normal Respiration Rates mouse

A

100 – 280/minute

72
Q

Is pressure in the thorax neg or pos?

A

Pressure in thorax is negative

73
Q

Muscles used in inspiration

A

External intercostal muscles
Trapezius
Pectoralis
Scalenes
Sternomastoid
Clavomastoid
Diaphragm

74
Q

Muscles used in expiration

A

Internal intercostal muscles
Obliques
rectus abdominus

75
Q

What is the Hering Breuer reflex

A

a reflex triggered to prevent the over-inflation of the lung.

76
Q

Where are the chemorecptors located that monitor Oxygen levels in blood

A

carotid arteries and aortic arch

77
Q

Where is blood monitored for hormones such as carbon dioxide

A

medulla of hindbrain

78
Q

oedema

A

excess fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.

79
Q

Pneumothorax

A

presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.

80
Q

Pyothorax

A

presence of pus
within the chest cavity

81
Q

Haemothorax

A

when blood collects between your chest wall and your lungs

82
Q

Asthma/bronchospasm

A

muscles that line your bronchi tighten.

anatomical direction (24 decks)

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