Muscles Flashcards
Muscles of the head
digastricus
Masseter
Temporalis
Muscles of the
Abdomin
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transversus Abdominis
Rectus Abdominis
Muscles of the FORELIMB
Extrinsic?
Intrinsic?
Elbow?
Carpus?
Digits?
Trapezii
Pectorals
Latissimus Dorsi
Brachiocephalicus
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Triceps Brachii
Biceps Brachii
Brachialis
Carpal Extensors (2)
Digital Extensors (2)
Carpal Flexors (2)
Digital Flexors (2)
Muscles of the HINDLIMB
Extrinsic
Lower hindlimb
Sublumbar hypaxial
Gluteals
Biceps Femoris (Hamstring)
Semitendinosus (Hamstring)
Semimembranosus (Hamstring)
Quadriceps Femoris
Pectineus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Gastrocnemius
Tibialis
Digital Extensors (3)
Digital Flexors (2)
Digastricus
origin
insertion
action
O: Mandible
I: Jugular processes
A: Moves jaw from side
to side
Masseter
origin
insertion
action
O: zygomatic arch
I: mandible
A: close the jaw
Temporalis
origin
insertion
action
O:skull
I: Mandible
A: closes jaw
Tendons
Connect muscle to
bone
Ligaments
Connect one bone to
another bone
Structure Of Skeletal Muscle
Myofibre
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
sarcolemma
Skeletal muscle cells membrane
sarcoplasm
the cytoplasm of skeletal muscles cell.
Structure Of Muscle Fibre
Each myofibre is made up of
myofibrils
* Unit of contraction
* Actin – thin filaments
* Myosin – thick filaments
striped’ appearance
Slow twitch (Type 1)
Burn oxygen very efficiently
Fast twitch (Type 2)
Burn fuel anaerobically
ratchet mechanism
Muscle contraction: repeated pulling of the Actin over the myosin
Muscle Contraction Types
Isotonic = Tone
Isometric = Shortening the muscle
Smooth muscle
involuntary muscle
Antagonistic
pairing
Muscles that counteract
each other
Aponeurosis?
Broad sheet of tendon
Extrinsic muscles
Muscles that insert onto the axial skeleton
Intrinsic muscle
originates and inserts on same structure
Epaxial muscles
Dorsal to the transverse processes of the vertebrae
Hypaxial muscles
Ventral to the transverse processes of the vertebrae
External intercostal
Most superficial
Run caudo-ventrally
Involved in inspiration
Internal intercostal
Next layer
Run cranio-ventrally
Diaphragm attaches to?
Sternum,
Rib,
Lumbar vertebrae
External Abdominal Oblique
Most superficial
O: ribs & lumbar
I: Linea alba
A:protection and support
Internal Abdominal Oblique
inserts onto?
I: Linea Alba
Transverse Abdominis inserts onto?
I: linea Alba
Rectus abdominus
O: 1st rib & sternum
I: Pubis, pre-pubic tendon
Linea Alba
O: xiphoid
I: Pubic region
Trapezius
O: Vertebrae
I: scapula
A: Abductor of the forelimb
Pectorals
O: ribs & sternum
I: humerus
A: adducts the limb
Latissimus dorsi
O: vertebrae
I: humerus
A:Flexes shoulder/
Retracts the limb
Brachiocephalicus
O: skull
I: cranial humerus
A:Limb on ground
Bends the neck laterally
Supraspinatus
O:Supraspinatous fossa
I: Humerus
A: Extends shoulder
Infraspinatus
O: Infraspinatous fossa
* Insertion – Greater tubercle of the
I: Humerus
A: Flexes shoulder
Triceps brachii
O: 3 heads humerus
4th scapula
I: olecranon of ulna
A: extends the elbow
Biceps brachii
O: scapula
I: Radius and ulna
A: Flexes the elbow
Brachialis
O: Humerus
I: radius and ulna
A: Flexes the elbow
Carpal extensors
O: Humerus
I: Carpus
* cranial and lateral aspect of
limb *
Digital extensors
O: Humerus
I: 3rd phalanx
* cranial aspect of limb *
Carpal flexors
O: Carpus
I: Palmer
Digital flexors
Superficial digital flexor
* Inserts on 2nd phalanx
Deep digital flexor
* Inserts on the 3rd phalanx
Sublumbar hypaxial muscle
O:Ventral vertebral column
I: pelvis
Gluteals
O: pelvic girdle
I: femur
A:extensors of hip
Biceps femoris
(HAMSTRING)
O: pelvic girdle
I: Calcaneus
A: Extends hip
Flexes stifle
Extends hock
Semitendinosus
(HAMSTRING)
O: pelvis
I: tibia & calcaneus
A: Extends hip.
Flexes stifle
Extends hock
Semimembranosus
(HAMSTRING)
O: pelvis
I: femur and tibia
A: Extends hip.
Flexes stifle
Quadriceps femoris
(HAMSTRING)
O: 3-proximal femur
1- ilium
I: tibia
A: stifle extension
Pectineus
O: pubis
I: Femur
A: Adducts
Sartorius
O: pelvis
I: Cranial tibia
A: Adducts
Gracilis
Caudal- medial thigh
A: Adducts
Gastrocnemius
O: femur
I: calcaneus
A: extends hock and flexes
stifle
Achilles Tendon
- caudal aspect of the leg to hock *
3 tendons
I: calcaneus
A: digital felxor
Anterior tibialis
O: tibia
I: tarsus
A: flexes hock and rotates
paw medially
Digital extensors location
Run down cranial aspect of limb
Digital flexors
- Run down plantar aspect of limb *
I: 2nd & 3rd phalanx
