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anatomical direction > Birds/reptiles > Flashcards

Birds/reptiles Flashcards

1
Q

Pneumatic bones

A

Hollow/ air filled bones

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2
Q

Extra bone in birds

A

Coracoid

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3
Q

Another name for a Keel

A

Sternum

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4
Q

Why is the keel laterally flattened

A

It increases surface area for the attachment of muscles

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5
Q

Where is the coracoid bone located

A

Lies between keel and shoulder joint

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6
Q

Function of the coracoid bone?

A

Counteracts flight muscles
Supports wings

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7
Q

Why do birds have less joints

A

To provide a strong base for flight muscle attachment

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8
Q

How many cervical vertebrae can birds have

A

Approx 25

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9
Q

Pygostyle?

A

Bird tail

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10
Q

The glands of a bird that secretions aid in waterproofing feathers

A

Preen gland/uropygial

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11
Q

Quadrate bone

A

Bone located by mandible
Allows the jaw to open wider

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12
Q

Craniofacial hinge function

A

Increases the motility during feeding

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13
Q

Fused appendicular skeletal bones in birds

A

Tibiotarsus
Tarsometatarsus

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14
Q

How many toes do most birds have

A

3 toes pointing forward
1 toe pointing backwards

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15
Q

How many toes do parots have

A

2 forwards
2 backwards

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16
Q

Alula

A

‘bastard wing’ is made up of digit I.
controlling take-off and landing

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17
Q

Basilic vein

A

ulnar vein
site for venepuncture

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18
Q

Caeca

A

Blind-ended section of the large intestine where bacterial digestion
occurs

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19
Q

Choana

A

Cleft in the hard palate
connect the oral and
nasal cavities
Found in some birds

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20
Q

Name for the 1 body cavity in birds

A

Coelom

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21
Q

Columella

A

Single middle ear bone that transmits sound to the inner ear

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22
Q

Contour feathers

A

Feathers of the wings and outer surface of the body

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23
Q

Crop

A

Its the enlargement of the oesophagus and serves as a storage place for food

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24
Q

Digital flexor tendon function

A

responsible for the perching reflex

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25
Q

Filoplume

A

Lie close to the body
Break up, creating dust that absorbs sweat and dirt

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26
Q

Gizzard

A

AKA (ventriculus)
Muscular part of the
stomach where mechanical digestion occurs

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27
Q

Isthmus

A

Where the inner and outer shell membranes are formed

28
Q

Magnum

A

most glandular part of the oviduct where the
majority of albumen is added

29
Q

Pectoral

A

Flight muscle responsible for down stroke

30
Q

Pectoral and brachial
arteries

A

Supply blood to flight muscles and wings

31
Q

Phalus

A

Bird penis

32
Q

Pinioning

A

Method of preventing flight by cutting the end of the wing
(chick is between 4-10 days old)

33
Q

Primaries

A

Flight feathers that attach to digit 3
(THRUST)

34
Q

Proventriculus

A

First section of the stomach lined with glands that secrete pepsin,
hydrochloric acid and mucus

35
Q

Rachis

A

Central shaft of the feather which is filled with blood capillaries

36
Q

Salt gland

A

Located above the eye in some marine birds which balances the salt

37
Q

Sclerotic ring

A

bones around the eye

38
Q

Secondaries

A

flight feathers

39
Q

Shell gland

A

where the shell membrane becomes calcified
(15hrs)

40
Q

Syrinx

A

Vocal organ in birds

41
Q

Reptiles Renal portal system

A

Transports blood from the hind legs and tail directly to the kidneys

42
Q

Acrodonts

A

reptile Teeth

43
Q

Arboreal

A

tree climbing/dwelling species

44
Q

Autotomy

A

Ability to shed their tail as a defence against
predators

45
Q

Carapace

A

Domed upper part of a tortoise’s shell

46
Q

Chelonia

A

Class of reptiles
Tortoises, terrapins and
turtles

47
Q

Chromatophores

A

The cells that allow for reptiles to change their skin colour

48
Q

Coelom

A

Thoraco-abdominal cavity, there is only one combined cavity

49
Q

Coprodeum

A

First section of the cloaca where the faeces are collected

50
Q

Crepuscular

A

Species of animal active during dawn and dusk

51
Q

Diurnal

A

Species of animal active during the day

52
Q

Ecdysis

A

Shedding of the skin

53
Q

Ectothermic

A

Species of animals that obtain the heat they require from their
environment

54
Q

Herpetology

A

The study of reptiles and amphibians

55
Q

Jacobson’s organ

A

Vomeronasal organ.
Roof of mouth
part of the olfactory system

56
Q

Lamellae

A

Overlapping scales arranged in layers found on the underside of
geckoes enabling them to grip on to smooth surfaces

57
Q

Nuchal scute

A

Found on the anterior end of the carapace.
AKA cervical scute

58
Q

Oviparous

A

animals that lay eggs

59
Q

Ovoviviparous

A

Species of animals that hatch their eggs internally

60
Q

Plastron

A

Flattish ventral part of a tortoise’s shell

61
Q

Poikilothermic

A

Species of animals that have a body temperature that varies with the
environment around them

62
Q

Proctodeum

A

Final section of the cloaca that acts as a collection chamber prior to
the elimination of waste

63
Q

Scutes

A

Horny plates in the shell of tortoises

64
Q

Sexually dimorphic

A

Species where visible differences in external features between males and females: colouration, shape etc

65
Q

Spectacle

A

Transparent eyelid

66
Q

Stomatitis

A

‘Mouth rot’

anatomical direction (21 decks)

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