Urinary Incontinence and Renal System Pain Flashcards
what muscles of the renal system are controlled by motor nerves?
internal urethral sphincter
detrusor muscle
ureteric smooth muscle
name the 5 types of nerve fibre
somatic sensory somatic motor visceral afferent parasympathetic sympathetic
another word for an afferent nerve?
sensory nerve
another word for an efferent nerve?
motor nerve
any nerve supplying skeletal muscle would be a…
somatic motor nerve
motor supply to smooth muscle?
always parasympathetics
what type of motor nerves supply the urethra and why?
proximal urethra = visceral afferent because it is in the pelvis
distal = somatic motor because it is in the perineum which is a body wall structure
what type of sensory nerves supply the urethra and why?
visceral afferents mainly however if the pain/sensation is from the scrotum it will be somatic sensory
what is the main sensory nerve for pain?
visceral afferent
motor and sensory supply to the perineum?
somatic sensory and motor nerves
how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
how many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
somatic motor and sensory nerves are carried the entire length of the spinal cord T or F
T
autonomics exit at each length of the spinal cord: T or F
F, sympathetic is only thoracolumbar and parasymp is craniosacral
sympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS via what spinal levels?
T1-L2
sympathetic fibres reach smooth muscle/glands of the body wall via what fibres?
spinal nerves
sympathetic fibres leave the muscle/glands of the body (not wall) via what fibres?
splanchnic nerves
give 2 examples of splanchnic nerves
cardiopulmonary
abdominopelvic
sympathetic fibres get to the muscles gland of the head via what fibres?
they follow arteries
what does the rami communicans do?
allows the symp fibre to get from the spinal nerve to sympathetic chain
presynaptic sympathetics to the kidneys, ureters and bladder will leave the spinal cord at what vertebral levels?
T10-L2
what do the presynaptic sympathetics to the kidneys, ureters and bladder do after leaving the sympathetic chain?
leave with abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
synapse in the abdominal symp ganglia
where is the abdominal sympathetic ganglia located?
around the abdo aorta
where do the POSTsynaptic sympathetics to the bladder, ureters and kidneys go after synapsing?
hitch a ride with the respective arteries of the organ
what is a periarterial plexus?
collection of nerve fibres found on the outside of arteries
parasympathetic fibres leave the CNS within what nerves?
CN 3, 7, 9, 10
S2, 3, 4
parasympathetics innervate the body wall T or F
F, the body wall only receives sympathetic fibres
how do parasympathetics supply the chest?
via the vagus nerve
anything above what structure is supplied by the vagus nerve as its parasympathetic fibre?
splenic flexure
anything below the pelvis flexure is supplied by what fibre as their parasympathetic innervation?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves are the same as pelvic splanchnic nerves T or F
F!! abdominopelvic are sympathetic and pelvic are parasympathetic
parasympathetic supply to kidneys and ureters?
CN X
parasympathetic supply to bladder?
pelvic splanchnic nerves
the only part of the renal system that receives a somatic motor supply is…
the external urethral sphincter and distal urethra (because it is in the perineum)
pain from what structure will be felt from the “loin to the groin”?
ureter
pain from what structure will be felt in the loin?
kidney
pain from the bladder is felt where?
suprapubic region in the midline
how do visceral afferents get back to the spinal cord?
mainly follow sympathetics but in some cases can accompany parasympathetics
visceral afferent nerves enter the spinal cord between what spinal levels?
T1 and L1
why is pain felt in the loin in the kidney?
pain is felt in the dermatome levels of T1-L1 (where the visceral afferent fibres enter the spinal cord)
a structure can only be in the pelvic pain line if…
it is in contact with the peritoneum
visceral afferents from the ureters enter the spinal cord at what spinal levels?
T11-L2
visceral afferents from the bladder enter the spinal cord at what spinal levels?
T11-L2
visceral afferents of what organs (specifically) travels with parasympathetics to get back to the spinal cord?
the part of the bladder that is not in the pelvic pain line AND the proximal urethra
why are the testes’ visceral afferent fibres carried to the spinal cord by sympathetics and not parasympathetics?
the originate embryologically higher up in the abdomen ie above the pelvic pain line
somatic sensory fibres from the distal urethra and perineum get back to the spinal cord via what nerve?
pudental
visceral afferents from the testis enter the spinal cord at what levels?
T10-11
what is pain in the kidneys like?
dull, achy
what is the pain from bladder like?
dull, achy and suprapubic
where can pain from the testes radiate to?
groin and anterior lower abdomen
nerve fibres entering and leaving the spinal cord at what levels are key for urine flow?
S2-4
visceral afferent fibres enter the spinal cord at…
S2-4
how does the body know the bladder is full?
via stretch receptors at the end of visceral afferent fibres
what does the body do to tell us to empty our bladder?
stimulates the detrusor muscle
inhibits the internal urethral sphincter (males only)
anatomical word for peeing?
micturition
what type of nerve contracts the detrusor muscle and IUS?
parasympathetic
what role do somatic motor fibres play in micturition?
contraction of anterolateral abdo muscles
the pudental nerve arises from the ___ plexus
sacral
the sciatic nerve arises from the ___ plexus
sacral
nerve roots for sciatic nerve?
L4-S3
the genitofemoral nerve arises on the anterior surface of what muscle?
psoas major
what nerve sits lateral to the psoas major?
femoral nerve
what nerve sits medial to the psoas major?
obturator
what nerves of the lumbar plexus at L2-L4?
genitofemoral
femoral
obturator
which nerve is given off first in the lumbar plexus?
iliohypogastric
mnemonic for the lumbar plexus?
ItcHy - iIlioHypogastric IGor - IlioinGuinal Gets - Genitofemoral Laid - Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh On - Obturator Fridays - Femoral
which nerves of the lumbar plexus come off the lumbar plexus at L1?
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal
only nerve of the lumbar plexus to come off at L3?
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (comes off at L2)
what does the femoral nerve pass under to get into the anterior compartment of the thigh?
inguinal ligament
what does the obturator nerve pass through to get to the thigh?
obturator foramen
what nerve supplies sensation to the plantar aspect of the foot?
tibial
what supplies most of the sensation to dorsum of the foot?
superficial fibular
what supplies most of the sensation to the lateral foot?
sural nerve
what forms the sural nerve?
tibial and common fibular nerves
name the only area of the foot supplied by the deep fibular nerve?
1st web space
