Nasal Cavities and Paranasal Sinuses Flashcards
name the part of the nose that is located in between the eyebrows
root
what is the medical name for the full bridge of the nose?
dorsum
what are the ala?
the softer wings of the side of the nose
what creates the cupid’s bow of the lip?
philtrum
what kind of cartilage is the external cartilage of the nose?
hyaline
what makes up the septum of the nose?
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
vomer
what 2 structures make up the roof of the nose?
cribriform plate
crista galli
what structures make up the lateral wall of the ethmoid bone?
superior and middle conchae
ethmoidal air cells
orbital plate of ethmoid
what kind of fracture can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid?
le fort II
le fort III
if the cribriform plate is disrupted, where can an infection in the nasal cavity spread to?
anterior cranial fossa
which conchae belong and don’t belong to the ethmoid bone?
superior and middle are part of ethmoid
inferior isn’t
name all the bones that contribute to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
ethmoid nasal palatine sphenoid maxilla frontal
what part of the sphenoid bone contributes to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?
pterygoid plates
what type of epithelium lines the anterior portion of the nasal cavity?
keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
what type of epithelium lines the majority of the nasal cavity?
respiratory
what type of epithelium lines the part of the nose responsible for smell
olfactory mucosa
how does respiratory epithelium differ in structure and function from other epithelium?
is ciliated
secretes mucus
type(s) of innervation supplied by the olfactory nerve?
special sensory only
what nerve’s fibres are said to lie like “spaghetti in a sieve” through the cribriform plate?
CN1 (olfactory)
what happens to CN1’s fibres after the pass through the cribriform plate?
synapse in the olfactory bulb
travel through the olfactory tract
end in temporal lobe
somatic sensory supply to the anterosuperior part of the nose?
CNV1
somatic sensory supply to the posteroinferior part of the nose?
CNV2
from what vessels do the arteries to the nose arise?
external and internal carotid arteries
what sensations are under the control of somatic sensory supply?
touch
temperature
pain
the external carotid artery gives rise to what arteries that supply the nose?
facial
maxillary
the internal carotid artery gives rise to what artery that supplies the nose?
opthalmic
the ethmoidal arteries are a branch of what vessel?
opthalmic artery
the sphenopalatine arteries are a branch of what vessel?
maxillary artery
does the sphenopalatine or greater palatine artery supply both sides of the nose?
sphenopalatine
what is kiesselbach’s area?
an arterial anastamosis on the nasal septum that is the most common site of epistaxis (nosebleeds)
where is each conchae’s meatus in relation to it?
under it
name the area superoposterior to the superior nasal concha
sphenoethmoidal recess
where is kiesselbach’s area?
anterior 1/3rd of nose on septum
what is another name for the anterior cranial fossa?
frontal lobe of the brain
how should a correctly placed NG tube look on a CXR?
straight down the midline of the chest
tip should be visible in the stomach
looks like a walking stick
name all the paranasal sinuses
frontal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
ethmoidal air cells
sphenoidal sinuses
what epithelium lines the paranasal sinuses?
respiratory epithelium
how does mucous drain from the paranasal sinuses?
via ostia into the lateral wall of the nasal cavities (meatuses)
how do conchae improve gas exchange?
allow a larger surface area of respiratory epithelium
create turbulent air flow
what meatus does mucous from the frontal sinus drain to?
middle meatus
what meatus does mucous from the ethmoidal air cells drain to?
superior and middle meatuses
what structure does mucous from the sphenoid sinus drain to?
sphenoethmoidal recess
what structure does mucous from the maxillary sinus drain to?
middle meatus
only fluid to drain into the inferior meatus?
lacrimal fluid (tears)
what is sinusitis?
inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses
what provides the pain sensation in sinusitis?
CNV1
CNV2
where can pain refer to and why in maxillary sinusitis?
teeth as some nerve roots of the tooth can extend into the maxillary sinus
there is a very thin wall between the two
both are supplied by CNV
what sinus is most prone to sinusitis and why
maxilla
ostia are superior so inflamed mucous has to work against gravity to exit
give the sensory supply for each of the paranasal sinuses
CNV1- ethmoidal, frontal, sphenoidal
CNV2- maxillary
