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2 Anatomy > Anatomy of the Orbit and Eye > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Orbit and Eye Flashcards

1
Q

name the bones of the orbit

A

frontal ethmoid maxilla zygomatic sphenoid lacrimal

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2
Q

the nasal bone does not make up the orbit: T or F?

A

T

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3
Q

how many bones contribute to the orbit?

A

6

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4
Q

what is the function of the supra/infraorbital foraminae?

A

allow passage of supra/infraorbital neurovascular bundles

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5
Q

what shape is the orbit considered to take?

A

pyramidal shape

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6
Q

what makes up the apex of the pyramidal shape of the orbit?

A

optic canal

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7
Q

what makes up the floor of the orbit?

A

maxilla

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8
Q

what makes up the medial wall of the orbit?

A

ethmoid

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9
Q

what makes up the lateral wall of the orbit

A

sphenoid

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10
Q

what makes up the orbital rim?

A

superior, inferior, medial, lateral margins of the orbit

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11
Q

what protects the eye from direct damage?

A

the orbital rim

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12
Q

which is more anterior: superior orbital margin or inferior orbital margin

A

superior

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13
Q

what makes up the superior margin of the orbit

A

frontal

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14
Q

what margins of the orbit are at risk of an orbital blowout fracture?

A

medial wall floor

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15
Q

symptoms of an orbital blowout fracture?

A

loss of sensation in face sight problems

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16
Q

what is diplopia?

A

double vision

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17
Q

what constitutes the most external layer of the eyelid?

A

orbicularis oculi muscle

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18
Q

name the 2 parts of the orbicularis oculi muscle and their location?

A

orbital= goes round whole orbit

palpebral= lower eyelid

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19
Q

what does the middle layer of the eyelid contain

A

orbital septum (fascia) ligaments

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20
Q

main role of the orbital septum?

A

prevent infection

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21
Q

which muscle of the eyelid allows the eye to screw up?

A

orbital part of the oculi

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22
Q

what are tarsi

A

half moon bands of connective tissue that make up the eyelids

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23
Q

what muscle is responsible for lifting the eyelid up?

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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24
Q

another name for mueller’s muscle?

A

superior tarsal muscle

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25
Q

which part of the eye is avascular?

A

cornea

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26
Q

what is the white of the eye called?

A

sclera

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27
Q

what covers the white of the eye?

A

conjunctiva

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28
Q

where is the lacrimal gland located?

A

laterally on the brow bone

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29
Q

name the part of the eye that contains your eye colour

A

iris

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30
Q

what is the limbus

A

the grey area surrounding the iris and the sclera

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31
Q

what is the cornea?

A

translucent covering of the iris

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32
Q

the conjunctiva does not cover the cornea: T or F?

A

T

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33
Q

what is the dot on the medial lower eyelid called?

A

punctum

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34
Q

why do we get runny noses when we cry?

A

tears drain via the lacrimal sac into the nasolacrimal duct which reaches inferior meatus in nose

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35
Q

what nerve controls production of lacrimal fluid by the lacrimal gland?

A

CN VII

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36
Q

name the 3 layers of the eye

A

fibrous

uvea

retina

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37
Q

name the 2 parts of the fibrous layer of the eye

A

cornea

sclera

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38
Q

main source of refractive power of the eye?

39
Q

3 main components of the uvea?

A

iris

ciliary body

choroid

40
Q

what does the iris control?

A

diameter of the pupil

41
Q

what does the ciliary body control?

A

iris

shape of lens

secretion of aqueous humour

42
Q

which layer of the eye contains its vasculature?

43
Q

what separates the anterior and poster segments of the eye?

44
Q

which segment of the eye contains vitreous humour?

45
Q

which segment of the eye contains aqueous humour?

46
Q

how does the cornea get nutrition if it doesn’t have a blood supply?

A

via the lacrimal gland and aqueous fluid

47
Q

name a common area of the posterior segment for floaters and why

A

vitreous body as vitreous humour is very gel like so can stick

48
Q

what is a cataract?

A

clouding of the lens

49
Q

what is closer to the iris:

the iridocorneal angle or limbus?

A

iridocorneal angle

50
Q

what is responsible for the pressure of the eye?

A

aqueous humour

51
Q

describe the path of aqueous humour from its production

A

secreted by ciliary processes

circulates in posterior chamber to nourish lens

passes into anterior chamber to nourish cornea

reabsorbed at the iridocorneal angle by the scleral venous sinus

52
Q

blood supply to the uvea?

A

ciliary artery

53
Q

consequences of raised intra-ocular pressure?

A

ischaemia of the retina

glaucoma

54
Q

main arterial supply to the eye?

A

opthalmic artery

55
Q

what is the opthalmic artery a branch of?

A

internal carotid artery

56
Q

name the artery that travels through the centre of the optic nerve?

A

central artery of the retina

57
Q

why can occlusion of the central artery of the retina cause ischaemia?

A

it is an end artery

58
Q

main blood supply to the retina?

A

central artery and vein of the retina

59
Q

name the different routes of venous drainage of the eye

A

via superior/inferior opthalmic veins -> cavernous sinus

anteriorly into the facial vein

60
Q

how can an infection of the upper lip/external nose cause an infection of the brain?

A

infection will drain into the facial vein

61
Q

what is the back of the eye called?

62
Q

at what part of the retina does the optic nerve form?

63
Q

which part of the retina does not contain photoreceptors?

A

optic disc

64
Q

what part of the retina is known as the blind spot?

A

optic disc

65
Q

what part of retina contains the most cone cells and why?

A

macula, needs them for acute vision

66
Q

where is the fovea located?

A

centre of macula

67
Q

name the layers of the retina from anterior to posterior

A

A Good Photo

axons of the ganglion

ganglion

photoreceptors

68
Q

is the optic disc located more on the nasal or temporal side on fundoscopy?

69
Q

consequence of complete interruption of flow in a retinal artery/vein?

A

loss of an AREA of visual field

70
Q

consequence of complete interruption of flow of the central artery or vein?

A

monocular blindness

71
Q

what area of both eyes would light from the right visual field hit?

A

right eye- nasal side

left eye- temporal side

72
Q

what area of both eyes would light from the left visual field hit?

A

left eye- nasal

right eye- temporal

73
Q

what part of the visual cortex is light from the right and left visual fields processed by?

A

right visual field- left primary visual cortex

left visual field- right primary visual cortex

whichever eye has used the nasal retina to absorb the light will be the side of the visual cortex used

74
Q

how may extraocular muscles are there?

75
Q

are the extraocular muscles of the eye skeletal or smooth muscle?

76
Q

name the 4 rectus muscles

A

superior rectus

inferior rectus

medial rectus

lateral rectus`

77
Q

origin of the rectus muscles?

A

common tendinous ring

78
Q

insertion of the rectus muscles?

79
Q

name the non-rectus extraocular muscles

A

superior oblique

inferior oblique

levator palpebrae superioris

80
Q

name the somatic motor innervation of the extraocular muscles (use mnemonic)

A

LR6 (lateral rectus = CN6)

SO4 (superior oblique = CN 4)

AO3 (all others = CN3)

81
Q

what plane would the eyes move if the were on the vertical axis?

A

they would abduct and adduct as they would move horizontally

82
Q

in what direction would the eyes move if they were on the transverse axis?

A

elevation/depression as they would be moving up and down (transverse=horizontal)

83
Q

what direction would eyes move if they were in the anteroposterior axis?

A

intorsion

extorstion

84
Q

how do you isolate eye muscles so you know you’re only testing one muscle?

A

line up eye gaze to the plane being tested

85
Q

name the 3 axes of the eyeball

A

transverse

anteroposterior

vertical

86
Q

what does the lateral rectus muscle do/

A

abducts eyeball

87
Q

how can you solely test for superior/inferior rectus function?

A

ask patient to abduct eye to get it in the right plane

ask them to elevate/depress eye

88
Q

what muscles can be isolated when you ask the patient to adduct the eye?

A

infraorbital- ask to elevate

supraorbital- ask to depress

89
Q

what muscles of the eye are responsible for elevation?

A

superior rectus

inferior oblique

90
Q

what muscles of the eye are responsible for depression?

A

superior oblique

inferior rectus

91
Q

name the components of the uvea from anterior to posterior

A

iris

ciliary body

ciliary vein

92
Q

2 muscles in charge of pupil size?

A

dilator pupillae

sphincter pupillae

93
Q

what part of the retina will light from the above part of the visual field go to?

A

lower nasal

2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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