Anatomy of the Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards
what is the false pelvis?
the area of pelvis between the iliac crests and the pelvic inlet
what is the true pelvis?
the area of pelvis from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic floor
what part of the pelvis contains the pelvic viscera?
true pelvis
what separates the pelvis from the perineum?
pelvic floor muscles eg levator ani
name a pelvic floor muscle
levator ani
what structures pass through pelvic floor?
rectum
urethra
vagina
describe the route the ureters take after they cross the aorta bifurcation
run anteriorly along lateral pelvis
turn medially at the level of the ischial spine
enter the bladder posteriorly
what does subperitoneal mean?
below peritoneal cavity
why do the ureters enter the bladder inferomedially?
to prevent backup of urine into the ureters when the bladder contracts
the ureter runs behind the uterine tubes and artery: T or F
T, described as “water under the bridge”
the ureter runs anterior to the vas deferens T or F
F
the arteries entering the pelvis are mainly branches of ___
the internal iliac artery
most dependent part of the male in standing position?
rectovesicle pouch
most dependent part of the female in standing position
rectouterine pouch/pouch of douglas
what structures form the 3 corners of the trigone of the bladder?
an inverted triangle:
2 ureteric orifices (base of triangle)
internal urethral orifice (tip of triangle)
what does the inner surface of the bladder look like?
very rough except for the trigone which is smooth
the prostate is ___ to the bladder
inferior
what muscle forms the main bulk of the bladder wall?
detrusor
how is backflow of urine back up the ureter from the bladder prevented?
detrusor muscle fibres form sphincters around the ureteric orifices
how is backflow of semen from the urethra to the bladder prevented?
the internal urethral sphincter srrounds the internal urethral orifice
most anterior organ in the pelvis?
bladder
where does the uterus lie in relation to the baldder?
superiorly
what part(s) of the bladder are covered by peritoneum?
superior surface only
a full bladder can extend out of the pelvis T or F
T
the prostatic urethra is a separate structure to the proximal urethra T or F
F, the prostatic urethra is another name for the proximal urethra in men
the internal urethral sphincter is present in both men and women T or F
F, women don’t have one
where does urine go when it leaves the bladder in men (include sphincters)?
through the internal urethral sphincter via the prostatic urethra through the external urethral sphincter via the spongy urethra through the external urethral orifice
where are sperm made?
seminiferous tubules in testes
where is sperm stored?
epididymis
outline the movement of sperm from the epididymis to its excretion
epididymis
vas deferens
joins seminal gland to make ejaculatory duct
joins prostatic urethra to make spongy urethra
excreted via external urethral orifice
contents of the spermatic cord?
3 arteries: testicular, cremasteric, artery to vas
3 veins: pampiniform plexus, cremasteric, vein of vas
3 nerves: genital branch of genitofemoral, sympathetics, ilioinguinal
3 fascias: external/internal spermatic, cremasteric
3 others: vas deferens, lymphatics, tunica vaginalis
in the scrotum, the testis sits within a sac called the ____
tunica vaginalis
excess fluid in the tunica vaginalis is called?
a hydrocele
what vessel is responsible for draining deoxygenated blood from the testis?
pampiniform plexus
pampiniform plexus drains into what?
testicular vein
where does the vas deferens begin?
inferior pole of the testis
what route does the vas deferens take?
passes superiorly within the spermatic cord to the deep inguinal ring
turns medially into the pelvis
follows the bladder superiorly all the way round
how do glandular secretions from the prostate get into the prostatic urethra?
via prostatic ducts
the right testicular vein drains into the __
IVC
the left testicular vein drains into the __
left renal vein
why is a PR exam good for checking for prostate cancer?
the peripheral zone is the most likely area for cancer and this is what is palpated in PR
what part of the penis transmits its deep arteries
the right and left corpus cavernosum
what part of the penis transmits the urethra and eventually forms the glans?
corpus spongiosum
arterial supply to the penis?
deep arteries of the penis
branches of the internal pudental artery
arterial supply to the scrotum?
the internal pudental
branches from the external iliac
lymph from the scrotum and most of the penis drains to what nodes?
superficial inguinal nodes
lymph from the testis drains to?
lumbar nodes
