Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx Flashcards
what is the area between lips and teeth called?
vestibule
name the muscles of the floor of the mouth
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
anterior belly of digastric muscle
what is the vein next to the frenulum called?
lingual vein
what is the top and bottom of the tongue called?
top is dorsal
bottom is ventral
where are the openings for the submandibular duct located?
2 papillae located in the base of the frenulum
where are the openings for the sublingual ducts located?
in sublingual folds
are major or minor salivary glands responsible for basal secretions?
minor
which of these glands should be palpable:
parotid
sublingual
submandibular
no
no
yes
where is the parotid gland in relation to the masseter?
superficial
how does CN7 reach the salivary glands?
via the chorda tympani
chorda tympani then hitches a ride with cnv3 to get to tongue
innervation of submandibular gland (be specific)?
CN7 parasympathetic
innervation of the sublingual salivary gland?
CN7
parasympathetic innervation to parotid?
CN9
where do the parasympathetic fibres synapse after supplying the parotid?
otic ganglion
what kind of muscle is the tongue?
skeletal muscle
what mucosa covers the tongue?
lingual mucosa
general sensory nerve supply to the anterior 2/3 of tongue?
CNV3
special sensory (taste) nerve supply to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
CN7
general and sensory nerve supply to the tongue?
CN9
what is the relevance of the foramen caecum?
origin of thyroid gland
separates anterior and posterior tongue
where would ectopic thyroid tissue be found if there was any?
midline
name the 4 muscles of the tongue
palatoglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
innervation to tongue muscles?
CN12
what kind of fibres innervate the tongue muscles
somatic motor
what part of the brain are the fibres of the hypoglossal nerve attached to?
medulla oblongata
where is the hypoglossal canal in the cranial fossa?
in the posterior region just anterior to the foramen magnum
how to test for CN12 function?
ask patient to stick tongue out
how to tell if a CN12 problem is unilateral
the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve
the lingual artery is a branch of?
external carotid artery
where does CNXII pass in relation to the lingual artery
passes lateral to the “loop” of the lingual artery
where are the palatine bones in the hard palate?
posterior, medial to the molars
what area of the hard palate allows passage of nerves and vessels
palatine foraminae
what is the pterygoid hamulus?
a hook at the bottom of the sphenoid bone
what bone makes up the anterior portion of the hard palate?
maxilla
are the arches of the soft palate skeletal or smooth muscle?
skeletal
nerve supply to all muscles of soft alate except tensor veli palatini?
CNX
nerve supply to tensor veli palatini?
CNV3
function of the levator veli palatini?
lifts the soft palate toward the base of the skull
function of the tensor veli palatini?
tenses the soft palate
what muscle of the soft palate hooks around the pterygoid hamulus of the sphenoid?
tensor vali palatini
how to test CNX and CNV3 together? what should happen?
ask patient to say aaah
uvula should lift up in midline
what should happen on testing if CNX and CNV3 are injured?
uvula moves away from injured side
innervation of pharynx?
CNX
what is the centre line of the posterior pharynx called?
midline raphe
what runs down the left lateral border of the posterior pharynx?
common carotid artery
CNX
what runs down the right lateral border of the posterior pharynx?
CNIX
what muscles insert onto the midline raphe?
superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
CNIX overlies what muscle of the psoterior pharynx?
stylopharyngeus
what is the name for the upper oesophageal sphincter?
cricopharyngeus
what does the salpingopharyngeus connect?
cartilage of eustachian tube
pharynx
innervation of most of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
CNX
what longitudinal muscle is not innervated by CNX and why? what is it innervated by ?
stylopharyngeus, CNIX lies on top of it so it innervates it
where is the piriform fossa located?
inferoposterior part of the laryngopharynx
4 main tonsils of the pharynx?
palatine
pharyngeal
tubal
adenoid (pharyngeal)
where is the adenoid tonsil located?
roof of the nasopharynx
what tonsils are located in the mucosa of the eustachian tube opening?
tubal tonsils
what are regional nodes?
first group of lymph nodes that has drained from a given structure
eventual drainage location of the pharynx?
deep cervical nodes
where does most of the tongue drain to lymphatically?
deep cervical
