Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland

Question 1

what is the proper name for the adam’s apple?

Answer 1

laryngeal prominence

Question 2

thinnest part of the thyroid gland?

Answer 2

isthmus

Question 3

name the 3 parts of the thyroid gland

Answer 3

2 lateral lobes

isthmus

Question 4

where does the isthmus lie?

Answer 4

amterior to 2nd and 3rd cartilages of trachea

Question 5

where do the lobes of the thyroid attach to?

Answer 5

lateral spects of thyroid and cricoid cartilage

Question 6

what will a lump/enlarged area of the thyroid gland do when the patient swallows?

Answer 6

move up and down with the larynx

Question 7

how many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 7

4

Question 8

where are the parathyroid glands located?

Answer 8

posterior surface of the thyroid’s lateral lo

Question 9

where does the pyramidal lobe originate from?

Answer 9

left lateral lobe

Question 10

where does the pyramidal lobe insert?

Answer 10

mainly thyroid cartilage but sometimes hyoid

Question 11

in what structure does the thyroid gland begin its development?

Answer 11

tongue

Question 12

how does the thyroid gland migrate?

Answer 12

goes inferiorly via thyroglossal duct to reach larynx

Question 13

at what time does the thyroid gland reach the larynx?

Answer 13

7th week

Question 14

what layer of tissue is the platsyma located in?

Answer 14

superficial fascia

Question 15

is the platysma a skeletal or smooth muscle?

Answer 15

skeletal

Question 16

what group of muscles does the platysma belong to?

Answer 16

muscles of facial expression

Question 17

nerve supply to the platysma muscles?

Answer 17

facial nerve (CN 5)

Question 18

name the most superficial fascial compartment

Answer 18

investing fascia

Question 19

what fascial compartment contains the vertebrae?

Answer 19

deep fascia

Question 20

what fascial compartment of the neck contains the postural neck muscles?

Answer 20

deep fascia

Question 21

which 2 muscles are enclosed in the investing fascia?

Answer 21

sternocleomastoid

trapezius

Question 22

what is enclosed in the carotid sheath?

Answer 22

vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
carotid arteries
internal jugular vein

Question 23

what neck fascia encloses all the other neck fascial compartments?

Answer 23

investing fascia

Question 24

what structures are enclosed within the pretracheal fascia?

Answer 24

oesophagus
trachea
thyroid gland
strap muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 25

is the pretracheal fascia located anteriorly or posteriorly?

Answer 25

anteriorly

Question 26

what 2 fascias does the retropharyngeal space lie between?

Answer 26

pretracheal | deep

Question 27

what muscles of the neck does CN11 innervate?

Answer 27

SCM | trapezius

Question 28

what does the external jugular vein drain into?

Answer 28

subclavian vein

Question 29

what fascia do the jugular veins run in?

Answer 29

superficial fascia

Question 30

what does the anterior jugular vein drain into?

Answer 30

external jugular vein

Question 31

what are the 2 heads of the sternocleomastoid muscle called?

Answer 31

sternal head | clavicular head

Question 32

where does the sternal head of the SCM attach?

Answer 32

manubrium of sternum

Question 33

where does the clavicular head of the SCM attach?

Answer 33

medial end of the clavicle

Question 34

what do both heads of the SCM attach to?

Answer 34

mastoid process of the temporal bone

Question 35

where does the carotid sheath lie in relation to the thyroid gland?

Answer 35

anterolaterally

Question 36

where does the carotid sheath attach superiorly?

Answer 36

base of the skull

Question 37

at what vertebral level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?

Answer 37

C4

Question 38

what are the inferior thyroid arteries a branch of?

Answer 38

subclavian arteries

Question 39

what are the superior thyroid arteries a branch of?

Answer 39

external carotid arteries

Question 40

how many venous outputs are there on either side of the thyroid? what are they called?

Answer 40

3; superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

Question 41

what do the superior thyroid veins drain into to get to the SVC?

Answer 41

internal jugular veins -> brachiocephalic veins

Question 42

what do the middle thyroid veins drain into to get to the SVC?

Answer 42

internal jugular veins -> brachiocephalic veins

Question 43

what do the inferior thyroid veins drain into to get to the SVC?

Answer 43

brachiocephalic veins only

Question 44

main lymph node supplies to the thyroid and parathyroid glands?

Answer 44

superior deep cervical lymph nodes at top deep cervical lymph nodes at bottom pretracheal node paratracheal nodes

Question 45

what part of the brain does the vagus nerve exit from?

Answer 45

medulla oblongata

Question 46

what foramen does the vagus nerve leave the skull

Answer 46

jugular

Question 47

do the vagus nerves pass anteriorly or posteriorly to lung hila?

Answer 47

posteriorly

Question 48

does the right or the left vagus pass lateral to the trachea?

Answer 48

right

Question 49

what 2 structures arise together embryologically from the 4th aortic arch artery?

Answer 49

right subclavian | arch of the aorta

Question 50

which recurrent laryngeal nerve hooks under the aortic arch?

Answer 50

left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 51

what does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve hook under?

Answer 51

subclavian artery

Question 52

are the strap muscles found above or below the hyoid bone?

Answer 52

inferior

Question 53

most superficial of the strap muscles?

Answer 53

sternohyoid | omohyoid

Question 54

what muscles are anterior and posterior to the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 54

``` SCM = ant trapezius = post ```

Question 55

what structures is a thyroidectomy incision made through?

Answer 55

platysma | skin

Question 56

where should the incision be made in a thyroidectomy?

Answer 56

superior to: clavicles jugular notch

Question 57

what nerve runs in the tracheooesophageal groove?

Answer 57

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 58

what does injury of 1 recurrent laryngeal nerve result in?

Answer 58

hoarseness of vocal cord | weak cough

Question 59

what kind of nerve supply does the recurrent laryngeal nerve give?

Answer 59

somatic motor