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2 Anatomy > Raised ICP and Nerve Palsies > Flashcards

Raised ICP and Nerve Palsies Flashcards

1
Q

name the 2 kinds of hydrocephalus that exist

A

congenital

acquired

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2
Q

2 ways in which ICP can become raised?

A

increased pressure in the fluid surrounding the brain

increase in pressure within the brain

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3
Q

medical causes of raised icp

A 
brain tumour
head injury
hydrocephalus
meningitis
stroke
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4
Q

is intracranial volume constant or variable? why is this relevant?

A

constant; if you add to it something will have to leave

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5
Q

name the 3 components that make up the intracranial volume

A

brain
blood
CSF

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6
Q

the cranial cavity is flexible T or F

A

F

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7
Q

what physical effect does raised icp have on the brain and its components?

A

damaged tissue
shift in tissue
herniation
contricted BVs and nerves

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8
Q

what could a raised icp at the very back of the brain cause?

A

herniation of the brainstem

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9
Q

visual symptoms associated with raised icp?

A 
transient blurred vision
double vision
loss of vision
papilloedema
pupillary changes
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10
Q

what do the meninges cover?

A

optic nerve

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11
Q

name the 3 types of meninge

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pia

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12
Q

what 2 structures does the subarachnoid space lie between?

A

arachnoid

pia

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13
Q

what are meninges?

A

protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

what meninge contains blood vessels?

A

subarachnoid space

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15
Q

sensory supply to the dura meninge?

A

CNV

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16
Q

what meninge encloses the dural venous sinus?

A

dura mater

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17
Q

what meninge is attached to the brain?

A

pia (encloses the entire brain)

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18
Q

main role of pia?

A

cushion and protect brain

19
Q

how can the subarachnoid space be accessed non surgically?

A

lumbar puncture

20
Q

what levels of the spinal cord should a lumbar puncture be performed at?

A

L3/4 or L4/5

21
Q

why is the optic nerve at risk of damage from ICP?

A

is enclosed by meninges

icp will travel along subarachnoid space in the optic nerve sheath

22
Q

cranial nerves to come off pons?

A

CN V only

23
Q

what is a subdural haematoma?

A

vessels in subarachnoid space bursting and mixing with CSF

24
Q

what meninge gives the brain ability to move?

A

subarachnoid space

25
Q

what spinal level does the spinal cord end?

A

L2

26
Q

name the most central of the all the ventricles of the brain

A

3rd

27
Q

what ventricle does the central canal of the spinal cord follow on from?

A

4th

28
Q

2 ways csf can go after release from the 4th ventricle?

A

subarachnoid space

central canal of spinal cord

29
Q

what will optic nerve damage from raised icp look like on fundoscopy?

A

bulging/swollen optic disc -> papilloedema

30
Q

what vessels will be affected by papilloedema?

A

central artery and vein of retina

31
Q

symptoms of papilloedema?

A

blurred vision
constricted visual field
flickering
graying of vision

32
Q

what kind of hernia could oculomotor nerve damage cause?

A

tentorial (of tentorium cerebelli)

33
Q

what does cn3 come off?

A

midbrain

34
Q

2 main fibres of the cn3 nerve

A

parasympathetic

somatomotor

35
Q

presentation of cn3 palsy

A

eye looks down and out
slow light reflex
dilated pupil
ptosis

36
Q

main fibres on cn4?

A

somatormotor

37
Q

presentation of cn4 palsy

A

eye cannot move inferomedially
looks to the side and up
diplopia looking down

38
Q

what muscle is affected by cn4 palsy?

A

superior oblique

39
Q

what action cant be done if the superior oblique is affected?

A

intorsion

40
Q

nerve with the longest course to the dura

A

cn6

41
Q

presentation of cn6 palsy

A

medial deviation eye

cant move laterally

42
Q

what muscle is affected by cn6 palsy

A

lateral rectus

43
Q

what palsy presents with someone tilting their head to fix their vision?

A

cn4 palsy

2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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