Anatomy of the Larynx

Question 1

what happens to the position of the larynx from childhood to adulthood?

Answer 1

descends down in the throat

Question 2

the larynx is a sphincter T or F

Answer 2

T

Question 3

what joins the cartilages of the larynx?

Answer 3

connective tissue

Question 4

what 2 structures does the larynx lie between?

Answer 4

pharynx

trachea

Question 5

what fascia does the larynx lie in?

Answer 5

visceral layer of pretracheal fascia

Question 6

where is the pretracheal fascia in relation to the investing fascia?

Answer 6

deep

Question 7

how is the larynx held up in the neck?

Answer 7

via the pretrachial fascia’s attachment to the hyoid bone and mandible

Question 8

what is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 8

region of the pharynx from epiglottis to oesophagus?

Question 9

where is the larynx in relation to the laryngopharynx?

Answer 9

it’s anterior to it

Question 10

most anterior aspect of thyroid cartilage?

Answer 10

adam’s apple/laryngeal prominence

Question 11

what vertebral level is the laryngeal prominence LOCATED?

Answer 11

C4/5

Question 12

at what part of the thyroid cartilage and vertebral level does the oesophagus start

Answer 12

C6

cricoid cartilage

Question 13

what bone lifts the larynx up?

Answer 13

hyoid bone

Question 14

what is the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 14

opening into airway

Question 15

how does the epiglottis close the laryngeal inlet?

Answer 15

it moves posteriorly to cover it

Question 16

how are alveoli kept open?

Answer 16

surfactant

Question 17

functions of larynx?

Answer 17

patency of URT
prevents FB entry
produces sound

Question 18

name the horns of the hyoid bone

Answer 18

2 lesser

2 greater

Question 19

only component of the cartilaginous airway that is a complete ring?

Answer 19

cricoid cartilage

Question 20

what 2 structures join to make the cricothyroid joint?

Answer 20

facet of cricoid cartilage

inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

Question 21

what cartilage is important for movement of vocal folds in larynx?

Answer 21

arytenoid cartilage

Question 22

name the processes of the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 22

superior
vocal
muscular

Question 23

what connects to form the cricoarytenoid joint?

Answer 23

muscular process of arytenoid

cricoid cartilage

Question 24

the arytenoid cartilage is found on the exterior surface of the larynx T or F

Answer 24

F, found on interior

Question 25

what vertebral level is the cricoid found at?

Answer 25

C6

Question 26

where is the laryngeal ventricle in relation to the vocal cords?

Answer 26

between false and true cords

Question 27

the false vocal cord is more superior than the true cord T or F

Answer 27

T

Question 28

when will the vocal fold become the true vocal cord?

Answer 28

when it gets mucosa (without it it is just a ligament)

Question 29

what membrane thickens to form the vestibular ligament?

Answer 29

quadrangular membrane

Question 30

what 2 structures does the true vocal cord join?

Answer 30

vocal process of arytenoid | thyroid cartilage

Question 31

what 2 structures does the false vocal cord join?

Answer 31

arytenoid | epiglottis

Question 32

what is the rima glottidis?

Answer 32

space between the true vocal cords

Question 33

what is the aryepiglottic fold?

Answer 33

superior border of the quadrangular membrane that forms the laryngeal inlet

Question 34

all intrinsic muscles of the larynx are skeletal muscle T or F

Answer 34

T

Question 35

name the 2 "antagonistic" pairs of vocal cord movements

Answer 35

tension/relaxation (determine pitch) | add/abduction (quiet/loud)

Question 36

innervation to intrinsic muscles of larynx?

Answer 36

CNX

Question 37

what do the cricothyroid muscles do?

Answer 37

tense vocal ligaments to increase pitch

Question 38

what do the thyroarytenoid/vocalis muscles do?

Answer 38

relax vocal ligaments to decrease pitch

Question 39

why do men have a lower voice than women?

Answer 39

cords and cartilage are thicker and more robust in men

Question 40

what muscles are responsible for adduction of the vocal cords?

Answer 40

lateral crico-arytenoid

Question 41

what effect will adduction of the vocal cords have on the voice?

Answer 41

will make it quiet

Question 42

what do the arytenoid muscles do?

Answer 42

adduct the vocal cords to make the voice quiet

Question 43

which intrinsic muscles of the larynx look like the scottish flag?

Answer 43

arytenoid muscles

Question 44

name the only set of muscles responsible for abduction of the vocal cords?

Answer 44

posterior crico-arytenoid muscles

Question 45

how is the voice made louder?

Answer 45

via opening of the rima glottidis

Question 46

what muscles help you to whisper?

Answer 46

lateral cricoarytenoids

Question 47

what muscles help with phonation?

Answer 47

arytenoids

Question 48

what laryngeal tumour will present with swollen lymph nodes and why

Answer 48

supraglottic tumour | drains to superior deep cervical nodes

Question 49

what laryngeal tumour will present with voice changes only?

Answer 49

glottic tumour

Question 50

subglottic tumours present with what?

Answer 50

voice/air obstruction

Question 51

what muscles help to build pressure to allow speech

Answer 51

anterolateral abdominal wall muscles | inspiratory intercostal muscles

Question 52

when will vibration of the vocal cords occur?

Answer 52

only when the subglottal threshold is reached

Question 53

how is entry closed off to the nasopharynx?

Answer 53

tense and elevate soft palate

Question 54

how is entry closed off to the oropharynx?

Answer 54

tense and descend soft palate

Question 55

only intrinsic muscle not to be supplied by inferior laryngeal nerve?

Answer 55

cricothyroid

Question 56

what nerve supplies the mucosa above the vocal fords?

Answer 56

INTERNAL laryngeal nerve

Question 57

what nerve supplies the muscosa below the vocal cords?

Answer 57

INFERIOR laryngeal nerve

Question 58

nerve supply to cricothyroid?

Answer 58

external laryngeal nerve

Question 59

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve becomes X nerve at the level of Y.

Answer 59

X- inferior laryngeal nerve | Y= cricothyroid joint

Question 60

sensory and motor supply to palate, pharynx and larynx?

Answer 60

CNX

Question 61

how do you test if CNX is working in the pharynx?

Answer 61

ask patient to take a small sip of water

Question 62

how do you test if CNX is working in the larynx?

Answer 62

listen to the patient speak | ask them to cough

Question 63

the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of what? where does it branch?

Answer 63

CNX | mediastinum

Question 64

superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of what?

Answer 64

CNX