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2 Anatomy > Anatomy of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 regions of the lower limb

A 
gluteal
femoral
knee
leg
ankle
foot
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2
Q

functions of the lower limb

A

support body weight
balance
locomotion

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3
Q

where does the femoral region start and end

A

starts at pelvis, ends at knee

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4
Q

name the superficial muscles of the gluteal region

A

gluteus minimus
gluteus medius
gluteus maximus
tensor fascia latae

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5
Q

what is the function of the superficial gluteal muscles?

A

extension, abduction and medial rotation of the thigh

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6
Q

innervation of superficial gluteal muscles?

A

superior gluteal EXCEPT gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal)

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7
Q

which nerve is damaged in trendelenburg’s gait?

A

superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

what does trendelenburg’s gait present as and why?

A

limp due to improper alignment of the pelvis

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9
Q

name the deep muscles of the gluteal region

A

piriformis
obturator internis
quadratus femoris
gemelli

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10
Q

what is the function of the deep gluteal muscles

A

lateral rotators of thigh and hip stabilisers

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11
Q

name the innervation of the deep gluteal nerves

A

sacral plexus

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12
Q

where does the sacrospinous ligament connect to and from

A

from sacrum to spine

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13
Q

where does the sacrotuberous ligament connect to and from?

A

from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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14
Q

where should injections in the gluteal region be?

A

upper lateral quadrant

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15
Q

through which foramen do pelvic structures pass through?

A

greater sciatic

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16
Q

through which foramen do perineal structures pass through?

A

lesser sciatic

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17
Q

what forms the greater and lesser foraminae

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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18
Q

at what nerve levels does the sciatic nerve enter?

A

L4-S3

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19
Q

name the 2 branches of the sciatic nerve

A

tibial and common fibular

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20
Q

what does the sciatic nerve and its branches supply?

A

posterior thigh, leg and foot muscles, most of the skin

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21
Q

principle nerve to the perineum

A

pudental nerve

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22
Q

at what nerve levels does the pudental nerve enter?

A

S2, 3, 4

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23
Q

name the 3 main nerves of the gluteal region

A

pudental
sciatic
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

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24
Q

what does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh innervate

A

skin over posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, lateral perineum, upper medial thigh

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25
Q

what is the most lateral structure to exit the greater sciatic foramen

A

sciatic nerve

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26
Q

the sciatic nerve exits the sciatic foramen inferior to which muscle?

A

piriformis

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27
Q

where does the sciatic nerve typically bifurcate

A

distal thigh

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28
Q

name the superior border of the femoral triangle

A

inguinal ligament

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29
Q

name the medial border of the femoral triangle

A

lateral border of adductur longus

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30
Q

name the lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

medial border of sartorius muscle

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31
Q

which structures constitute the “floor” of the femoral triangle

A

iliopsoas and pectineus

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32
Q

name the contents of the femoral triangle

A

femoral Nerve
femoral Artery
femoral Vein
Lymphatics

33
Q

what forms the inguinal ligament

A

thickened edge of external oblique aponeurosis

34
Q

what is the longest muscle in the body

A

sartorius

35
Q

what happens in compartment syndrome

A

increased pressure in leg stopping muscles and nerves from functioning

36
Q

how is compartment syndrome treated

A

fasciotomy to relieve pressure

37
Q

name the 3 compartments of the thigh

A

medial, anterior, posterior

38
Q

name the 3 compartments of the leg

A

lateral, anterior, posterior

39
Q

main function of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

flexion

extension (quadriceps femoris only)

40
Q

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

pectineus
iliopsoas
sartorius
quadriceps femoris

41
Q

name the innervation of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve

42
Q

main function of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

adduction

43
Q

name the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A 
adductor longus
adductor brevis
adductor magnus
gracilis
obturator externis
44
Q

what is the nerve supply of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

A 
obturator nerve
tibial nerve (hamstring part of adductor longus)
45
Q

which component of the femoral triangle is not in the femoral sheath

A

femoral nerve

46
Q

main function of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

extension of thigh

flexion of leg

47
Q

name the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris

48
Q

innervation of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

tibial division of sciatic nerve EXCEPT short head biceps femoris (common fibular)

49
Q

main function of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

dorsiflexion of ankle

extension of toes

50
Q

name the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallicus longus
fibularis tertius

51
Q

what innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg

A

fibular nerve

52
Q

what do the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg do?

A

evert foot

plantarflex ankle slightly

53
Q

name the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

54
Q

what innervates the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

superficial fibular nerve

55
Q

where does the common fibular nerve run down

A

lateral leg

56
Q

which compartment contains superficial and deep regions?

A

posterior compartment of leg

57
Q

what does the superficial muscle group of the posterior compartment of the leg do?

A

plantarflexes the ankle

58
Q

name the nerves of the superficial muscle group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

59
Q

what innervates the superficial muscle group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

60
Q

what does the deep muscle group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

flexes toes and plantarflexes ankle

61
Q

name the muscles of the deep muscle group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

popliteus
flexor hallucis longus
flexpr digitorum longus
tibialis posterior

62
Q

what innervates the deep muscle group of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

tibial nerve

63
Q

what does hallucis mean

A

big toe

64
Q

name the 4 ways in which the hip joint can move

A

flexion-extension
abduction-adduction
medial-lateral rotation
circumduction

65
Q

most likely area of the femur to break and why?

A

neck of femur as it is the weakest and thinnest

66
Q

what does a ligament do?

A

connects bone to bone

67
Q

what does a tendon do?

A

connects muscle to bone

68
Q

name the 3 ligaments associated with the hip joint?

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

69
Q

blood supply to hip joint?

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

70
Q

how many articulations does the knee joint have?

A

3

71
Q

name the articulations of the knee joint

A

2 femorotibial

1 femorpatellar

72
Q

main movement of the knee joint?

A

flexion-extension

73
Q

what kind of joint is the knee joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

74
Q

name the ligaments of the knee joint

A

lateral/medial collateral ligament ant/post cruciate, menisci

75
Q

what muscle lies inferior to the popliteal fossa?

A

gastrocnemius

76
Q

another name for achilles tendon?

A

calcaneal

77
Q

what makes up the calcaneal tendon?

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

78
Q

where do the superficial lymohatics of the leg drain?

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

79
Q

where do the deep lymphatics of the leg drain?

A

deep inguinal/external iliac lymph nodes

2 Anatomy (28 decks)

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