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Clin Path > Urinary Diseases > Flashcards

Urinary Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Fel cystitis AKA

A

feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD)

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2
Q

2 forms of feline cystitis

A

􏰀 Ulcerative and non ulcerative, or
􏰀 Obstructive and nonobstructive

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3
Q

Fel cystitis timeframe

A

􏰀 Resolves in 7-10 days
+/- recur

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4
Q

Feline cystitis goal with diet change

A

dilute urine w/o ↑ pH

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5
Q

Feline cystitis clinical signs

A

􏰀 Hematuria
􏰀 Dysuria
􏰀 More frequent urination (small volumes)

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6
Q

Feline cystitis dx

A

􏰀 Urinalysis (r/o bacterial cause)
􏰀 Contrast radiographs: normal or thickened bladder wall

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7
Q

Feline cystitis tx

A

􏰀 Diet change
􏰀 Drug therapy: analgesics

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8
Q

K9 cystitis AKA

A

bacterial cystitis, urinary tract infection (UTI)
Most common

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9
Q

Common K9 cystitis cause

A

migration of bacteria up the urethra

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10
Q

Iatrogenic infections

A

􏰀 Poor urinary catheter placement technique
􏰀 Improper indwelling urinary catheter maintenance

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11
Q

K9 cystitis clinical signs

A

􏰀 Increased frequency of urination 􏰀 Hematuria
􏰀 Dysuria
􏰀 Cloudy urine, abnormal color
􏰀 Frequent licking of urethral area

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12
Q

K9 cystitis dx

A

UA W/ C&S

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13
Q

K9 cystitis tx

A

􏰀 Antibiotics (oral) based on C&S q8-12 hours
􏰀 Acute: 10-14 days
􏰀 Chronic: 4-6 weeks

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14
Q

Urolithiasis

A

polycrystalline concretions composed of minerals
􏰀 Aka bladder stone

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15
Q

Common uroliths in cats (2)

A

struvite (60%), calcium oxalate (27%)

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16
Q

Common uroliths K9

A

struvite, calcium oxalate, Dalmatians - urate

17
Q

Urolithiasis clinical signs

A

􏰀 May be asymptomatic
􏰀 Hematuria
􏰀 Dysuria (itchy /pain)
􏰀 Stranguria
􏰀 Inappropriate urination
􏰀 Vomiting

18
Q

Urolithiasis dx

A

􏰀 Urinalysis: crystalluria, hematuria, +/- bacteria
􏰀 Radiographs +/- contrast (not all stones are radiopaque)
􏰀 Ultrasound

19
Q

Medical Urolithiasis tx helps

A

􏰀 Struvite – dietary dissolution (reduce urine pH), 4-8 weeks
􏰀 +/- antibiotics

20
Q

Sx Urolithiasis tx

A

􏰀 Perineal urethrostomy – chronic obstructions, unable to clear urethral obstruction

21
Q

Obstructive Urolithiasis tx

A

􏰀 Buys time for dissolution or surgery

􏰀 Retrohydropropulsion

22
Q

Retrohydropropulsion

A

using a lubricated urinary catheter and fluid-filled syringe, obstruction is propelled back into the bladder (pain management!)

23
Q

Acute renal failure

A

An abrupt decrease in glomerular filtration 🡪 azotemia

24
Q

Acute renal failure result from

A

hypoperfusion or nephrotoxic injury

25
Q

Acute renal failure phases (3)

A

Induction
Maintenance
Recovery

26
Q

Acute renal failure Induction phase

A

the time from initial insult until decreased renal function is apparent

27
Q

Acute renal failure maintenance phase

A

the period during which renal tubular damage occurs

28
Q

Acute renal failure recovery phase

A

renal function improves, existing nephrons hypertrophy and compensate for those damaged, tubular repair occurs when possible

29
Q

Acute renal failure clinical signs

A

􏰀 Oliguria, polyuria
􏰀 +/- fever
􏰀 Kidneys painful on palpation
􏰀 V/D
􏰀 Dehydration

30
Q

Acute renal failure dx

A

􏰀 PE
􏰀 toxin exposure
􏰀 Urinalysis: active sediment, casts
􏰀 CBC/chem: ↑ PCV, ↑ BUN, creatinine, K, & P, acidosis

31
Q

Acute renal failure tx

A

􏰀 Diet 🡪 renal diet
􏰀 IV fluids
􏰀 Drug therapy: diuretics, intestinal protectants, +/- phosphate binders, sodium bicarbonate

32
Q

Chronic renal failure

A

Irreversible and progressive decline in renal function cause by destruction of the nephron

33
Q

Chronic renal failure progression

A

􏰀 Common disease of older pets
􏰀 Cats > dogs
􏰀 Course of the disease: months 🡪 years
􏰀 Many pets go undiagnosed until renal failure is severe

34
Q

Chronic renal failure client education

A

They need to understand this condition is permanent and progressive

35
Q

Clinical signs of chronic renal failure

A

􏰀 Dullness, lethargy, weakness
􏰀 Anorexia, weight loss
􏰀 V/D
􏰀 PU/PD
􏰀 +/- systemic hypertension

36
Q

Chronic renal failure dx

A

􏰀 CBC/Chem: acidosis, anemia, ↑ BUN, creatinine, P, & Ca
􏰀 UA: m

37
Q

Chronic renal failure tx

A

􏰀 IV or SQ fluids for dehydration
􏰀 Drug therapy
􏰀 Kidney diet

Clin Path (16 decks)

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