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Clin Path > GI Diseases > Flashcards

GI Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

GDV abbreviation

A

Gastric dilation / volvulus

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2
Q

GDV happens in …

A

Large and giant breed, deep-chested dogs

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3
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisted stomach

Enlarged stomach pushes on diaphragm —> dyspnea
􏰀 Also pushes on caudal vena cava 🡪 shock

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4
Q

Dilation

A

stomach distends with air, food, fluid

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5
Q

GDV Clinical signs

A

􏰀 Hypersalivation, nausea
􏰀 Abdominal pain/distention
􏰀 Increased HR/RR
􏰀 Weakness, collapse

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6
Q

GDV Dx

A

􏰀 Hx and PE
􏰀 Radiographs 🡪 R lateral, air filled, boxing glove appearance

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7
Q

GDV Tx

A

Aggressive tx of schlock alleviate dissension
Surgical correction anitipbtocs /drug therapy

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8
Q

Aggressive tx of shock

A

􏰀 1 jugular or 2 cephalic large gauge catheters
􏰀 Shock dose fluids
􏰀 Drug therapy

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9
Q

Alleviate distention

A

􏰀 Stomach tube (dilatation only)
􏰀 18-g needle trocar (emergency)

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10
Q

Surgical correction GDV

A

􏰀 Untwist stomach
􏰀 Stomach tube and gastric lavage
􏰀 Gastropexy

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11
Q

GDV POSTOPERATIVE CARE

A

􏰀 Monitor ECG
􏰀 Pain management
􏰀 Antibiotics
􏰀 Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
􏰀 Drug therapy to control nausea and vomiting
􏰀 Reintroduce food slowly

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12
Q

Client information GDV

A

􏰀 Avoid feeding 1 meal per day
􏰀 Limit exercise prior to and after eating
􏰀 Gastropexy does not guarantee no future bloat episodes

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13
Q

Acute diarrhea

A

sudden onset, usually the result of a diet change, drug therapy, or any stress that may cause a disruption of the normal gut flora

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14
Q

Viral diarrhea

A

most commonly caused by parvovirus, distemper, coronavirus, or feline panleukopenia in young or unvaccinated animals

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15
Q

Bacterial diarrhea

A

invasion of and damage to the intestinal epithelium

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16
Q

Dietary intolerance/sensitivity diarrhea

A

immune-mediated (dietary sensitivity) nonimmunologic (dietary intolerance),
animal is unable to handle certain substances in their diet

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17
Q

Diarrhea dx

A

􏰀 Hx and PE
􏰀 Fecal exam +/- culture
􏰀 ELISA testing for viruses/parasites
􏰀 Dietary trial

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18
Q

Diarrhea tx

A

􏰀 Supportive: fluid therapy, GI rest, diet change
􏰀 Drug therapy: antibiotics, antiparasitic, intestinal adsorbents, GI protectants

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19
Q

Intussuaception occurs when …

A

the smaller, proximal segment of the intestine at the ileocecocolic junction invaginates into the larger, more distal segment of the large bowel*

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20
Q

Intussusception creates…

A

a partial to complete blockage 🡪 compromises blood supply 🡪 bowel necrosis*

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21
Q

Intussusception caused by

A

Idiopathic usually

But can occur due to parasitic infection, foreign bodies, infection and neoplasia

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22
Q

Dx Intussusception

A

Abdominal palpation
􏰀 Abdominal ultrasound
􏰀 Radiographs +/- contrast

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23
Q

Intussusception tx

A

􏰀 Surgical
􏰀 Drug therapy: antibiotics 􏰀 GI rest

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24
Q

Why is Intussusception more common at junction

A

Differentiation of size

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25
Q

Megacolon common in

A

Cats

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26
Q

Megacolon

A

Distention of the colon as a result of
obstipation (severe or complete
constipation)

27
Q

Megacolon caused by

A

Thought to be caused by a defect in the neurostimulation mechanism that promotes colon evacuation

28
Q

Megacolon clinical signs

A

􏰀 Straining to defecate
􏰀 Vomiting
􏰀 Anorexia, dehydration
􏰀 Weakness
􏰀 Small, hard feces or liquid feces +/- blood and mucus

29
Q

Megacolon dx

A

Radiography: colon width wider than the length of a lumbar vertebrae

Palpation of a distended colon filled with firm, packed forces

30
Q

Megacolon medical tx

A

􏰀 Drug therapy: stool softeners, GI stimulants
􏰀 Enemas

31
Q

Megacolon dietary tx

A

􏰀 Increase fiber and water intake*

32
Q

Megacolon tx by dvm

A

Deobstipation

33
Q

Constipation

A

failure to or difficulty in passing feces*

34
Q

Is constipation common

A

No

35
Q

Constipation clinical signs

A

􏰀 Straining to defecate
􏰀 Anorexia +/- V
􏰀 Passing small amounts of hard, dry stool

36
Q

Constipation dx

A

􏰀 Palpation – abdominal, rectal
􏰀 Radiographs
􏰀 Bloodwork – hydration, r/o disease

37
Q

Constipation tx

A

􏰀 Enema
􏰀 Oral laxatives
􏰀 Fluid therapy
􏰀 Deobstipation

38
Q

Leptospirosis zoonotic potentials

A

Zoonotic!
􏰀 Companion animals are an
incidental host
􏰀 Skunk, raccoon, opossum and pigs are the natural host

39
Q

Leptospirosis bacteria comes from

A

􏰀 Contaminated soil/water
􏰀 Shed in urine of infected animals

40
Q

Leptospirosis clinical signs

A

􏰀 Acute renal failure
􏰀 Vomiting, dehydration
􏰀 Fever
􏰀 PD
􏰀 Jaundice
􏰀 Reluctance to move

41
Q

Leptospirosis dx

A

Serology
CBC/chem

42
Q

Leptospirosis tx

A

-Supportive: IV fluids, +/- diuretics if oliguric 􏰀 -Antibiotics

Urinary catheter—reduce amount of contamin.

43
Q

Feline Hepatic Lipidosis common in

A

Hepatopathy in cats

44
Q

Feline Hepatic Lipidosis

A

Prolonged anorexia 🡪 peripheral fat breakdown 🡪 liver can’t process fats fast enough 🡪 accumulation of fats within the hepatocytes

45
Q

Feline hepatic lipidosis clinical signs

A

􏰀 Anorexic obese cat w/ weight loss
􏰀 Depression
􏰀 Sporadic vomiting
􏰀 Icterus

46
Q

Fel hepatic lipidosis dx

A

􏰀 CBC/Chem: anemic,
neutrophilic,
􏰀 radiographs
ultrasound
􏰀 Liver biopsy

47
Q

Fel hepatic lipidosis tx

A

􏰀 Nutritive support: feeding tube placed
􏰀 Drug therapy: IV fluids, anti-nausea, appetite stimulant
􏰀 Monitoring:, assess bloodwork, assess feeding tube, decrease feedings to stimulate appetite

48
Q

Portosystemic Shunts (Congenital)

A

Vascular communications between the portal and venous systems that allow blood to bypass the liver

49
Q

Portosystemic Shunts (Congenital) types

A

Intrahepatic vs extrahepatic

50
Q

Clinical signs CNS portisystemic shunts

A

anorexia, depression, lethargy, episodic weakness, ataxia, head-pressing, circling, pacing, blindness, seizures, coma

51
Q

GI clinical signs of portosystemic shunt

A

V/D, stunted growth, PU/PD

52
Q

Urinalysis clinical signs of portosystemic shunt

A

urate urolithiasis, hematuria

53
Q

Dx of portosystemic shunt

A

􏰀 CBC/Chem
􏰀 Radiographs: small liver
􏰀 Abdominal US: locate shunt

54
Q

Portosystemic shunt tx medical

A

􏰀 Low-protein diet, lactulose, fluids,
antibiotics

55
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Digestive enzymes are activated w/in the gland 🡪 autodigestion 🡪 inflammation, tissue damage

56
Q

Clinical signs of pancreatitis

A

􏰀 Obesity
􏰀 Depression, anorexia, V +/- D 􏰀 Dehydration
􏰀 Fever
􏰀 +/- abdominal pain

57
Q

Pancreatitis caused by

A

drugs, disruption of GI flora, parasites, tumors, trauma

58
Q

Pancreatitis dx

A

CBC/Chem, pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI)

59
Q

Pancreatitis tx

A

􏰀 GI rest: 3-4 days
􏰀 Fluids and electrolytes
􏰀 Drug therapy: pain, antibiotics, anti-emetics, GI protectants

60
Q

Perineal hernia

A

Neurogenic atrophy of the levator ani muscle
herniation of the rectum and
other pelvic organs in ischiorectal fossa

61
Q

Perineal hernia common in

A

intact male dogs >8 years old

62
Q

Perineal hernia clinic signs

A

􏰀 perineal swelling
􏰀 Tenesmus (frequent need to defecate)
􏰀 Dyschezia (painful/difficult defecation)

􏰀 urethral obstruction if bladder involvement

63
Q

Perineal hernia dx

A

Reveal palpation

64
Q

Perineal hernia tx

A

􏰀 Medical: stool softeners, enemas
􏰀 Surgical: herniorrhaphy, castration

Clin Path (16 decks)

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