Urinary Anatomy

Question 1

Which kidney lies lower and why

Answer 1

right kidney because of the larger right lobe of the liver

Question 2

What structures are a part of the hilum of the kidneys

Answer 2

renal vein and artery, and ureter

Question 3

Name the posterior relations of the kidneys (4, 3, 2, 1)

Answer 3

4 muscles - diaphragm, quadratus lumborum, psoas major, and transversus abdominis
3 nerves - subcostal, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal
2 vessels - subcostal vein and artery
1 bone - 12th rib (+11th on left side)

Question 4

What is the blood supply of the renal artery

Answer 4

renal artery which is a branch of the abdominal aorta at L1

Question 5

Where do the renal vens of the kidney drain

Answer 5

inferior vena cava (right renal has no tributaries, left has the left adrenal vein and left gonadal vein)

Question 6

What arteries supply the ureters

Answer 6

renal, gonadal, common and internal iliac arteries

Question 7

What are the ureters innervation

Answer 7

T10-L1 and S2-S4 (referred pain pattern - loin to groin pain following T10 - L1 nerve distribution pattern)

Question 8

What muscle makes up the bladder and what is it lined by

Answer 8

smooth (detrusor) muscle and transitional epithelium

Question 9

Describe the two sphincters of the bladder

Answer 9

internal: comprised of smooth muscle which is relaxed by pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2, 3, 4) and is contracted by sympathetic (L1 and L2)

External: is skeletal and controlled by the pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)

Question 10

What part of the urethra does the prostate surround

Answer 10

1st part

Question 11

Name the three parts of the male urethra

Answer 11

prostatic, membranous, and penile parts

Question 12

Which part of the male urethra is the shortest

Answer 12

membranous