Thoracic Anatomy

Question 1

The body articulates with the manubrium and xiphoid process via this joint

Answer 1

symphyseal

Question 2

the body articulates with 2nd to 6th ribs via this joint

Answer 2

synovial

Question 3

Which ribs are classified as true (vertebrosternal)

Answer 3

ribs 1-7 because they articulate with the sternum

Question 4

which ribs are classified as false (vertebrochondral)

Answer 4

ribs 8, 9, 10

Question 5

which ribs are classified as floating

Answer 5

11 and 12

Question 6

What ribs are classified as typical and for what reasoning

Answer 6

3rd through 9th since they all have common features

Question 7

On typical ribs the crest serves as attachment for this

Answer 7

superior costotransverse ligament

Question 8

On typical ribs the tubercle has a facet and rough part what do they serve as attachments for

Answer 8

facet - transverse process

rough part - lateral costotransverse ligament

Question 9

Describe the first rib

Answer 9

shortest and most curvaceous
only one articular facet
has an additional tubercle for attachment of scalenius anterior
there is no costal groove but there is a groove for the subclavian artery

Question 10

Describe what makes the 2nd rib atypical

Answer 10

a large rough tuberosity near its middle for attachment of the serratus anterior

Question 11

Describe what makes ribs 10-12 atypical

Answer 11

like the first rib they only posses one facet on the head

Question 12

Describe the neurvascular bundle in the intercostal space and its location

Answer 12

located between internal intercostals and innermost intercostals
Vein: drains into azygos system
Artery: from the internal thoracic artery and the thoracic aorta
Nerve: which is the ventral ramus of the thoracic spinal nerve

Question 13

What ligaments attache the glandular tissue of the breasts to the skin above and pectoral fascia below

Answer 13

suspensory ligamnet of cooper

Question 14

What does glandular tissue open up into

Answer 14

lactiferous ducts, which are dilated towards the end as the lactiferous sinus before opening into the nipple

Question 15

What arteries supply the breasts

Answer 15

lateral thoracic, internal thoracic, 2nd to 4th anterior intercostal, and thoaco-arcomial artery

Question 16

Where does 75% of the lymph from the breast drain into

Answer 16

axillary node then to the central group of axillary nodes and the apical group of axillary nodes

Question 17

What is the space between the lungs called

Answer 17

mediastinum

Question 18

The superior division of the mediastinum contains these structures (TVPASTER)

Answer 18

Trachea, Vagus nerves, Phrenic nerves, Arch of the aorta and it’s branches, Superior vena cava, Thoracic duct, Esophagus, Remnant of thymus gland (TVPASTER)

Question 19

The anterior compartment of the inferior mediastunum contains these structures (RLC)

Answer 19

Remnants of the thymus, lymph nodes, and connective tissue

Question 20

The middle compartment of the inferior mediastinum contains these structures

Answer 20

heart, pericardium, roots of the great vessels, phrenic nerves

Question 21

The middle of the inferior mediastinum contains these structures (VSDATES)

Answer 21

Vagus nerves, Splanchnic nerves, Descending thoracic a. and its branches (posterior intercostal, esophageal, bronchial), Azygos venous system, Thoracic duct, Esophagus, Sympathetic trunks

Question 22

What is the esophagus lined with

Answer 22

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 23

Where does the esophagus begin and end

Answer 23

beings at inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage C6, ends at T11 by joining the stomach

Question 24

Name the three layers of the esophagus and their characteristics

Answer 24

Inner layer - stratified non-karatinized squamous epi
Middle layer - submucosa with esophageal glands
Outer layer - two layers of muscle: outer circular, inner longitudinal

Question 25

Describe how the esophagus can be divided into three thirds

Answer 25

Surrounded by: 
upper - skeletal 
lower - smooth
middle - both
Supplied by:
upper - inferior thyroid a
middle - thoracic a 
lower - branches of left gastric 
Venous drainage via the inferior thyroid, esophageal, and left gastric 

Drains into:
upper - lower deep cervical lymph node
middle - mediastinal lymph nodes
lower - left gastric lymph nodes

Question 26

What are the three narrowings of the esophagus

Answer 26

C6 - where it beings
T5 - where it is crossed by the left bronchus
T10 - where it passes through the diaphragm