Thoracic Anatomy Flashcards
The body articulates with the manubrium and xiphoid process via this joint
symphyseal
the body articulates with 2nd to 6th ribs via this joint
synovial
Which ribs are classified as true (vertebrosternal)
ribs 1-7 because they articulate with the sternum
which ribs are classified as false (vertebrochondral)
ribs 8, 9, 10
which ribs are classified as floating
11 and 12
What ribs are classified as typical and for what reasoning
3rd through 9th since they all have common features
On typical ribs the crest serves as attachment for this
superior costotransverse ligament
On typical ribs the tubercle has a facet and rough part what do they serve as attachments for
facet - transverse process
rough part - lateral costotransverse ligament
Describe the first rib
shortest and most curvaceous
only one articular facet
has an additional tubercle for attachment of scalenius anterior
there is no costal groove but there is a groove for the subclavian artery
Describe what makes the 2nd rib atypical
a large rough tuberosity near its middle for attachment of the serratus anterior
Describe what makes ribs 10-12 atypical
like the first rib they only posses one facet on the head
Describe the neurvascular bundle in the intercostal space and its location
located between internal intercostals and innermost intercostals
Vein: drains into azygos system
Artery: from the internal thoracic artery and the thoracic aorta
Nerve: which is the ventral ramus of the thoracic spinal nerve
What ligaments attache the glandular tissue of the breasts to the skin above and pectoral fascia below
suspensory ligamnet of cooper
What does glandular tissue open up into
lactiferous ducts, which are dilated towards the end as the lactiferous sinus before opening into the nipple
What arteries supply the breasts
lateral thoracic, internal thoracic, 2nd to 4th anterior intercostal, and thoaco-arcomial artery
Where does 75% of the lymph from the breast drain into
axillary node then to the central group of axillary nodes and the apical group of axillary nodes
What is the space between the lungs called
mediastinum
The superior division of the mediastinum contains these structures (TVPASTER)
Trachea, Vagus nerves, Phrenic nerves, Arch of the aorta and it’s branches, Superior vena cava, Thoracic duct, Esophagus, Remnant of thymus gland (TVPASTER)
The anterior compartment of the inferior mediastunum contains these structures (RLC)
Remnants of the thymus, lymph nodes, and connective tissue
The middle compartment of the inferior mediastinum contains these structures
heart, pericardium, roots of the great vessels, phrenic nerves
The middle of the inferior mediastinum contains these structures (VSDATES)
Vagus nerves, Splanchnic nerves, Descending thoracic a. and its branches (posterior intercostal, esophageal, bronchial), Azygos venous system, Thoracic duct, Esophagus, Sympathetic trunks
What is the esophagus lined with
stratified squamous epithelium
Where does the esophagus begin and end
beings at inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage C6, ends at T11 by joining the stomach
Name the three layers of the esophagus and their characteristics
Inner layer - stratified non-karatinized squamous epi
Middle layer - submucosa with esophageal glands
Outer layer - two layers of muscle: outer circular, inner longitudinal
Describe how the esophagus can be divided into three thirds
Surrounded by: upper - skeletal lower - smooth middle - both Supplied by: upper - inferior thyroid a middle - thoracic a lower - branches of left gastric Venous drainage via the inferior thyroid, esophageal, and left gastric
Drains into:
upper - lower deep cervical lymph node
middle - mediastinal lymph nodes
lower - left gastric lymph nodes
What are the three narrowings of the esophagus
C6 - where it beings
T5 - where it is crossed by the left bronchus
T10 - where it passes through the diaphragm
