Spinal Joints

Question 1

Classification, bones involved, and innervation of atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 1

Classification: condylar
Bones involved: condyle of occipital bone and superior articular facet of C1
Innervation: C1

Question 2

Classification, bones involved, and innervation of median atlanto-axial (dental) joint

Answer 2

classification: pivot
bones involved: anterior arch of C1 and the dens of C2
innervation: C2

Question 3

classification, bones involved, and innervation of the lateral atlanto-axial joint

Answer 3

classification: planar

Bones involved: lateral masses of C1 and superior articular facets of C2

Question 4

classification, bones involved, and innervation of zygopophyseal joints

Answer 4

classification: planar
bones involved: inferior and superior articular facets
innervation: medial branches of the dorsal rami of the corresponding spinal nerve and the nerve above and below

Question 5

Zygopophyseal ROMs

Answer 5

Cervical: joint capsule is long and loose, allows for greater rotation, flexion and extension
Thoracic: primarily for rotation and secondarily flexion., extension is limited by long sloping spinous processes
Lumbar: facet joint capsules are short and tight, rotation and lateral bending are limited

Question 6

Where does 50% of flexion and extension, and 50% of rotation occur in the cervicals

Answer 6

flex/ext: C0-C1, rotation: C1-C2 (atlanto-dental)

Question 7

Classification, bones involved, and ROM of sacroiliac joint

Answer 7

classification: reciprocal interlocking planar
bones involved: articular surface of the ilium and the auricular aspect of the sacrum
ROM: nutation - forward movement of the base of the sacrum
Counternutation - backward movement of the base of sacrom

Question 8

classifcation, bone involvement, and ROM of costovertebral joint

Answer 8

classification: planar
bones involved: body of the vertebra and head of corresponding rib
ROM: upper 6 - pump handle action, lower 6 - bucket handle action

Question 9

classification, bones involved, and ROM of costotransverse joint

Answer 9

classification: planar
bones involved: tubercle of the rib and transverse process of the corresponding vertebra
ROM: upper 6 - rotation, lower 6 - gliding in the anterior-posterior plane

Question 10

classification of the costochondral joint

Answer 10

synchondrosis

Question 11

classification and ROM of the sternochondral joint

Answer 11

classification: synchondrosis for the 1st part and planar synovial for the others
ROM: slight gliding

Question 12

Classification and bones involved of the manubriosternal

Answer 12

classification: symphysis

Bones involved: manubrium and body of sternum

Question 13

classification of the xiphisternal joint

Answer 13

symphysis becomes an synostosis after the 40th year