Musculoskeletal Anatomy

Question 1

Example of long bones

Answer 1

femur and phalanges

Question 2

Example of short bones

Answer 2

carpals and tarsals

Question 3

Examples of flat bones

Answer 3

ribs, frontal, parietal, and temporal skull bones

Question 4

Examples of irregular bones

Answer 4

vertebra

Question 5

Examples of sesamoid bones

Answer 5

Pisiform and patella (intratendinous)

Question 6

Examples of intra-Cartilaginous ossification

Answer 6

ALL long bones EXCEPT Clavicle

Question 7

Examples of intra-membranous ossificiation

Answer 7

Clavicle, flat skull bones and axial skeleton

Question 8

What bone is the FIRST to being ossification and the LAST to completely ossify

Answer 8

CLAVICLE**

Question 9

What is a synarthrosis

Answer 9

Immoble fibrous joint

Question 10

What is amphiarthrosis

Answer 10

Slightly mobile, cartilaginous joint

Question 11

what is a Diarthrosis

Answer 11

Mobile, synovial joint

Question 12

Examples of uniaxial movement

Answer 12

One plane - flexon/extension

Question 13

Examples of biaxial movement

Answer 13

two planes - flexion/extension and internal/external rotation

Question 14

Examples of multiaxial movement

Answer 14

More than two planes - flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and internal/external rotation and or circumduction

Question 15

Subcatagories of fibrous joints

Answer 15

synostosis - sutural
syndesmosis - interosseous membrane in the infeiror tibiiofibular joint
GOMphosis - tooth and tooth socket in the GUM

Question 16

subcatagories of cartilaginous joints

Answer 16

synchondrosis - primarily cartilaginous, growing ends of long bones
symphysis - secondary cartilaginous, IVD, pubic symphysis, manbriosternal joint

Question 17

Name a joint considered mixed

Answer 17

sacroiliac - becomes synostosis as a person gets older

Question 18

planar

Answer 18

gliding (zygapophyseal, acromio-clavicular)

Question 19

gINGlymus

Answer 19

hINGe (humero-ulnar)

Question 20

Trochoid

Answer 20

pivot (medial atlanto-axial, proximal radiu-ulnar)

Question 21

condylar

Answer 21

ellipsoid (metacarpophalangeeal)

Question 22

sellar

Answer 22

saddle (1st carpo-metacarpal)

Question 23

spheroidal

Answer 23

ball and socket (hip and shoulder)

Question 24

Which joints are secondary cartilaginous

Answer 24

ALL midline EXCEPT median atlanto-axial (atlantod-dental) which is trochoid, and the interparietal joint which is fibrous sutural joint

Question 25

Which surface of a synovial joint is covered by hyaline cartilage

Answer 25

articular (except for the temperomandibular, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular which are covered in fibrous cartilage)

Question 26

The interior of a fibrous joint and the non-articular surfaces of the nearby bones are covered in this

Answer 26

synovial membrane

Question 27

what two cell types make up the synovium

Answer 27

Type A synoviocytes which are macrophages Type B synoviocytes: which secret synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid and glycoproteins law

Question 28

What is Hilton's law

Answer 28

the nerve which innervates a muscle that acts on a joint, will supply the joint and an area of skin over the joint

Question 29

Where are chondroblasts found in cartilage

Answer 29

perichondrium

Question 30

What is cartilage mainly composed of

Answer 30

extracellular matrix of GAGs and proteoglycans

Question 31

Does cartilage have blood vessel or nerves

Answer 31

No and if it's damaged it shows very limited ability to grow

Question 32

Name the three types of cartilage and their qualities

Answer 32

Hyaline: most abundant; consisting of Type II collagen fibers covers joints Elastic: contains Type II and elastin, found in the larynx Fibrocartilage: dense compact Type I collagen fibers; found in intra-articular discs

Question 33

Describe smooth muscle

Answer 33

no cross striation spindle-shaped cell Central nucleus involuntary

Question 34

Describe skeletal muscle

Answer 34

cross striations elongated peripheral nucleus voluntary control

Question 35

Describe cardiac muscle

Answer 35

``` cross striations branches intercalated discs central nucleus involuntary control ```

Question 36

Describe the different shapes of skeletal muscle

Answer 36

fusiform: thick in the middle and tapered at each end - bicheps brachii, gastrocnemius Parallel: uniform - rectus abdominis and sartorius Triangular: fan-shaped with a broad origin and narrow intersection - pectoralis major Pennate: feather shaped - unipennate - palmer interossei - bipennate - rectus femoris and dorsal interossei - multipennate - deltoid - Circular - froms rings around certain body openings - orbicularis occuli and anal sphincter