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NBCE Part 1 > Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Example of long bones

A

femur and phalanges

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2
Q

Example of short bones

A

carpals and tarsals

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3
Q

Examples of flat bones

A

ribs, frontal, parietal, and temporal skull bones

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4
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

vertebra

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5
Q

Examples of sesamoid bones

A

Pisiform and patella (intratendinous)

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6
Q

Examples of intra-Cartilaginous ossification

A

ALL long bones EXCEPT Clavicle

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7
Q

Examples of intra-membranous ossificiation

A

Clavicle, flat skull bones and axial skeleton

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8
Q

What bone is the FIRST to being ossification and the LAST to completely ossify

A

CLAVICLE**

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9
Q

What is a synarthrosis

A

Immoble fibrous joint

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10
Q

What is amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly mobile, cartilaginous joint

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11
Q

what is a Diarthrosis

A

Mobile, synovial joint

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12
Q

Examples of uniaxial movement

A

One plane - flexon/extension

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13
Q

Examples of biaxial movement

A

two planes - flexion/extension and internal/external rotation

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14
Q

Examples of multiaxial movement

A

More than two planes - flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and internal/external rotation and or circumduction

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15
Q

Subcatagories of fibrous joints

A

synostosis - sutural
syndesmosis - interosseous membrane in the infeiror tibiiofibular joint
GOMphosis - tooth and tooth socket in the GUM

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16
Q

subcatagories of cartilaginous joints

A

synchondrosis - primarily cartilaginous, growing ends of long bones
symphysis - secondary cartilaginous, IVD, pubic symphysis, manbriosternal joint

17
Q

Name a joint considered mixed

A

sacroiliac - becomes synostosis as a person gets older

18
Q

planar

A

gliding (zygapophyseal, acromio-clavicular)

19
Q

gINGlymus

A

hINGe (humero-ulnar)

20
Q

Trochoid

A

pivot (medial atlanto-axial, proximal radiu-ulnar)

21
Q

condylar

A

ellipsoid (metacarpophalangeeal)

22
Q

sellar

A

saddle (1st carpo-metacarpal)

23
Q

spheroidal

A

ball and socket (hip and shoulder)

24
Q

Which joints are secondary cartilaginous

A

ALL midline EXCEPT median atlanto-axial (atlantod-dental) which is trochoid, and the interparietal joint which is fibrous sutural joint

25
Q

Which surface of a synovial joint is covered by hyaline cartilage

A

articular (except for the temperomandibular, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular which are covered in fibrous cartilage)

26
Q

The interior of a fibrous joint and the non-articular surfaces of the nearby bones are covered in this

A

synovial membrane

27
Q

what two cell types make up the synovium

A

Type A synoviocytes which are macrophages

Type B synoviocytes: which secret synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid and glycoproteins law

28
Q

What is Hilton’s law

A

the nerve which innervates a muscle that acts on a joint, will supply the joint and an area of skin over the joint

29
Q

Where are chondroblasts found in cartilage

A

perichondrium

30
Q

What is cartilage mainly composed of

A

extracellular matrix of GAGs and proteoglycans

31
Q

Does cartilage have blood vessel or nerves

A

No and if it’s damaged it shows very limited ability to grow

32
Q

Name the three types of cartilage and their qualities

A

Hyaline: most abundant; consisting of Type II collagen fibers covers joints

Elastic: contains Type II and elastin, found in the larynx

Fibrocartilage: dense compact Type I collagen fibers; found in intra-articular discs

33
Q

Describe smooth muscle

A

no cross striation
spindle-shaped cell
Central nucleus
involuntary

34
Q

Describe skeletal muscle

A

cross striations
elongated peripheral nucleus
voluntary control

35
Q

Describe cardiac muscle

A 
cross striations
branches
intercalated discs
central nucleus 
involuntary control
36
Q

Describe the different shapes of skeletal muscle

A

fusiform: thick in the middle and tapered at each end - bicheps brachii, gastrocnemius

Parallel: uniform - rectus abdominis and sartorius

Triangular: fan-shaped with a broad origin and narrow intersection - pectoralis major

Pennate: feather shaped

  • unipennate - palmer interossei
  • bipennate - rectus femoris and dorsal interossei
  • multipennate - deltoid
  • Circular - froms rings around certain body openings - orbicularis occuli and anal sphincter

NBCE Part 1 (25 decks)

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