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NBCE Part 1 > Endocrine Anatomy > Flashcards

Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Considered the “master endocrine gland”

A

Pituitary

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2
Q

Embryological origins of the anterior and posterior pituitary respectively

A

Rathke’s pouch and down growth of hypothalamus

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3
Q

In what structure does the pituitary lie

A

sella turcica

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4
Q

What is the fold of dura that covers the pituitary

A

diphragm sellae

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5
Q

What hormones are produced by the Anterior pituitary

A

FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, and GH

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6
Q

All of the anterior pituitary hormones are influenced by this besides the PRL

A

hypothalamus (PRL is influenced by Prolactin Inhibiting Factor - which is dopamine)

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7
Q

What hormones are STORED in the posterior pituitary

A

ocytocin and ADH (aka vasopressin)

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8
Q

Where are the hormones ocytocin and ADH produced

A

paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus respectively

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9
Q

What arteries supply the pituitary gland

A

superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries from the internal carotid

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10
Q

What arteries supply the thyroid gland

A

superior thyroid - from external carotid, inferior thyroid - from thyrocervical trunk, and thyroidea ima (occurs in 3-10%)

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11
Q

Venous drainage of the thyroid gland

A

superior thryoid vein - accompanies superior thyroid a, middle thyroid vein - accompanies inferior thyroid a., inferior thyroid vein- travels alone

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12
Q

the superior thyroid artery is accompanied by this nerve that supplies the cricothyroid muscle (only one that tenses vocal cords)

A

external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve

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13
Q

the inferior thyroid artery is associated with this nerve that supplies the rest of the laryngeal muscles

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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14
Q

What is they thyroid gland composed of and what does it secrete

A

composed of cuboidal cell-lined follicles that secrete thyroxin from which T3 is developed

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15
Q

Parafollicular cells found inbetween thyroid follicles secrete this

A

calcitonin

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16
Q

What is the superior pair of parathyroid glands derived from

A

mesoderm in the 4th pharyngeal pouch

17
Q

what is the inferior pair of parathyroid glands derived from

A

mesoderm in the 3rd pharyngeal arch

18
Q

What artery supplies the parathyroid gland

A

inferior thyroid artery

19
Q

what two cells are found in the parathyroid gland

A

cheif and oxyphils

20
Q

What is secreted by the chief cells found in the parathyroid gland and what is its purpose

A

PTH - role is to take calcium out of the bone and into the blood stream

21
Q

Which endocrine gland has BOTH exocrin and endcrine functions

A

pancreas (weighs approx. 90 grams)

22
Q

The pancreas is derived from this

A

ventral and dorsal endodermal buds from the foregut

23
Q

From where in the pancreas are the endocrine hormones secreted from

A

islets of langerhans

24
Q

What hormones are secreted by the islets of langerhans

A

beta cells - insulin, alpha cells - glucagon, delta cells - somatostatin

25
Q

After the main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct where does it open in to

A

ampulla of Vater in the main duodenal papilla

26
Q

blood supply to the pancreas

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal a, inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., and great pancreatic artery

27
Q

the adrenal gland is derived from these two embryological structures

A

cortex from mesoderm, medulla from neural crest cells

28
Q

Describe the left and right adrenal glands respectively

A

Left is semiLunar and Larger, right is triangular and smaller

29
Q

Name the structural zones of the adrenal cortex and their functions (the deeper you go the sweeter the sex gets)

A

zona glomerulosa - Mineralcorticoids - aldosterone - salt, zona fasiculata - glucocorticoids - sweet, zona reticular - sex hormones - sex (the deeper you go the sweeter the sex gets)

30
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete under sympathetic control

A

norepinephrine

31
Q

what arteries supply the adrenal gland

A

superior adrenal - from inferior phrenic of the abdominal aorta, middle ardrenal - from the abdominal aorta, and inferior adrenal - from renal artery

32
Q

The adrenal gland is drained by a single vein that empties into what veins respectively based on right or left

A

right - inferior vena cava, left - left renal vein

NBCE Part 1 (25 decks)

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