Endocrine Anatomy Flashcards
Considered the “master endocrine gland”
Pituitary
Embryological origins of the anterior and posterior pituitary respectively
Rathke’s pouch and down growth of hypothalamus
In what structure does the pituitary lie
sella turcica
What is the fold of dura that covers the pituitary
diphragm sellae
What hormones are produced by the Anterior pituitary
FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, and GH
All of the anterior pituitary hormones are influenced by this besides the PRL
hypothalamus (PRL is influenced by Prolactin Inhibiting Factor - which is dopamine)
What hormones are STORED in the posterior pituitary
ocytocin and ADH (aka vasopressin)
Where are the hormones ocytocin and ADH produced
paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus respectively
What arteries supply the pituitary gland
superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries from the internal carotid
What arteries supply the thyroid gland
superior thyroid - from external carotid, inferior thyroid - from thyrocervical trunk, and thyroidea ima (occurs in 3-10%)
Venous drainage of the thyroid gland
superior thryoid vein - accompanies superior thyroid a, middle thyroid vein - accompanies inferior thyroid a., inferior thyroid vein- travels alone
the superior thyroid artery is accompanied by this nerve that supplies the cricothyroid muscle (only one that tenses vocal cords)
external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
the inferior thyroid artery is associated with this nerve that supplies the rest of the laryngeal muscles
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is they thyroid gland composed of and what does it secrete
composed of cuboidal cell-lined follicles that secrete thyroxin from which T3 is developed
Parafollicular cells found inbetween thyroid follicles secrete this
calcitonin
What is the superior pair of parathyroid glands derived from
mesoderm in the 4th pharyngeal pouch
what is the inferior pair of parathyroid glands derived from
mesoderm in the 3rd pharyngeal arch
What artery supplies the parathyroid gland
inferior thyroid artery
what two cells are found in the parathyroid gland
cheif and oxyphils
What is secreted by the chief cells found in the parathyroid gland and what is its purpose
PTH - role is to take calcium out of the bone and into the blood stream
Which endocrine gland has BOTH exocrin and endcrine functions
pancreas (weighs approx. 90 grams)
The pancreas is derived from this
ventral and dorsal endodermal buds from the foregut
From where in the pancreas are the endocrine hormones secreted from
islets of langerhans
What hormones are secreted by the islets of langerhans
beta cells - insulin, alpha cells - glucagon, delta cells - somatostatin
After the main pancreatic duct joins the common bile duct where does it open in to
ampulla of Vater in the main duodenal papilla
blood supply to the pancreas
superior pancreaticoduodenal a, inferior pancreaticoduodenal a., and great pancreatic artery
the adrenal gland is derived from these two embryological structures
cortex from mesoderm, medulla from neural crest cells
Describe the left and right adrenal glands respectively
Left is semiLunar and Larger, right is triangular and smaller
Name the structural zones of the adrenal cortex and their functions (the deeper you go the sweeter the sex gets)
zona glomerulosa - Mineralcorticoids - aldosterone - salt, zona fasiculata - glucocorticoids - sweet, zona reticular - sex hormones - sex (the deeper you go the sweeter the sex gets)
What does the adrenal medulla secrete under sympathetic control
norepinephrine
what arteries supply the adrenal gland
superior adrenal - from inferior phrenic of the abdominal aorta, middle ardrenal - from the abdominal aorta, and inferior adrenal - from renal artery
The adrenal gland is drained by a single vein that empties into what veins respectively based on right or left
right - inferior vena cava, left - left renal vein
