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NBCE Part 1 > GI Anatomy > Flashcards

GI Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The GI is embryologically derived from this

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

Name the three parts of the GI and what they are supplied from

A

foregut - celiac trunk, midgut - superior mesenteric, hindgut - inferior mesenteric

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3
Q

What does the foregut give rise to

A

esophagus, stomach, proximal half of dueodenum, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

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4
Q

what does the midgut give rise to

A

distal half of duodenum, SI, proximal half of large intestine up to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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5
Q

What does the hindgut give rise to

A

Distal 3rd of the transverse colon to the proximal half of the anal canal

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6
Q

What is Meckel’s diverticulum and its characteristics (2s)

A

Uncommona congenital anomaly (2% of population, 2x more common in males), 2 inches long, located 2 feet proximal to iliocecal junction, and may contain 2 types of ectopic tissue (gastric and pacreatic)

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7
Q

Name the 6 layers, external to internal, of the anterior abdominal wall

A

skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fat, and parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

Name the two layers of the subcutaneous tissue

A

Fatty layer (camper) and membranous (Scarpa) - only exists in lower abdomen

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9
Q

The membranous layer of the abdomen extends to these areas

A

extends medially and inferiorly to continue with colles fascia in the scrotum and buck’s fascia around the penis

It is attached to the base of the urogenital diaphragm

Extends below inguinal ligament to join the tensor fascia lata

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10
Q

What muscles are located lateral to the linea semilunaris in the abdomen

A

external oblique, internal oblique, and trnasversus abdominis

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11
Q

what muscels are located in the region medial to the linea simulunaris

A

rectus abdominis

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12
Q

What is the anterior abdominal wall innervated by

A

lower 5 intercostal nerves (T7-T11), the subcostal nerve (T12) and the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves (L1)

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13
Q

contents of the rectus sheath

A

rectus abdominis, pyramidalis (absent in 15%), and superior and inferior epigastric a, and v,

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14
Q

What is the inner lining of the abdominal cavity called

A

peritoneum

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15
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is sensitive to pain and what is its innervation

A

parietal - lower intercostal and subcostal nerves like the anterior abdominal wall

The visceral layer is not sensitive to pain but sensitive to distension

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16
Q

Which peritoneum of the abdominal cavity is located behind the stomach

A

lesser sac

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17
Q

Through which opening does the lesser sac communicate with the greater sac

A

epiploeic foramen of winslow

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18
Q

Most of the intra-abdominal organs are covered completely by peritoneum, those that are only covered anteriorly by peritoneum are refereed to as this

A

retroperitoneal

19
Q

Name the retroperitoneal structures (AS DC PARK AID)

A

Ascending Colong, Descending Colon, Pacnreas, Adrenals, Rectum (lower2/3), Kidneys, Aorta, IVC, Duodenum (2nd to 4th parts) (AS DC PARK AID)

20
Q

Name the cells of the stomach and the muscular layers

A

columnar epithelium

outer - longitudinal, inner-circular, and innermost-oblique

21
Q

Name the two main cell types of the stomach and their secretions

A

Chief cells - pepsinogen

Parietal (oxynitic) - HCL and intrinsic factor

22
Q

Name the arteries that supply the stomach

A

left gastric - from celiac trunk, right gastric - from common hepatic or hepatic artery proper, left gastro-epiploic and short gastric - from splenic artery, right gastro-epiploic - from the gastro-duodenal branch of hepatic artery proper

23
Q

What part of the duodenum does the common bile duct of the billiary tree open into

A

2nd or descending part

24
Q

what part of the duodenum does the superior mesenteric vein and artery pass over

A

3rd or horzontal

25
Q

what is fixed to the duodeno-jejunal junction

A

supsensory ligament of Treitz, which is in turn attached to the right crus of the diagram

26
Q

What portion of the duodenum is intraperitoneal

A

first inch of the first part

27
Q

Callot’s triangle located between the cystic duct, common hepatic duct, and the liver contains this artery

A

cystic

28
Q

what is the proximal part of the small intestine called and what are its characteristics

A

jejunum - it is thicker, wider, and less vascular

29
Q

what is the distal party of the small intestine called and what are it’s chracteristics

A

ileum - thinner, narrower, and less vascular

30
Q

Describe the mesentery in the different parts of the small intestine

A

jejunum - large translucent windows, few large vascular arcades with longer and fewer vasa recta

ileum - small opaque windows, numerous small arcades and numerous vasa recta

31
Q

What is the name of the numerous lymphoid aggregates located in the ileum

A

Peyer’s patches (Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue)

32
Q

What artery supplies all of the SI and LI up to the proximal 2/3s of the transverse colon

A

superior mesenteric

33
Q

Differentiate between the small and large intestine

A

LI - has haustra, teniae coli, appendices epiploica and a large diameter

SI - has none of these things

34
Q

What are the locations of the appendix

A 
behind cecum (55%)
in pelvis (30%)
either retro-ileal or pre-ileal (5%)
35
Q

Where is the base of the appendix located

A

McBurney’s point - 2/3 along a line from the umbilicus to the asis

36
Q

Name the blood supply to the rectum

A

superior rectal branch via inferior mesenteric artery

37
Q

the rectum becomes the anal canal once it passes through this

A

pelvic diaphragm

38
Q

what to embryological origins is the anal canal derived form

A

endoderm and ectoderm

39
Q

What is the junction between the two embryological origins called

A

pectinate line

40
Q

What are the longitudinal folds above the pectinate line called

A

columns of Morgagni

41
Q

columns of Morgagni are connected inferiorly by mucosal folds called this

A

valves of Ball (anal glands open behind these valves

42
Q

What is the external rectal branch innervated by

A

inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve

43
Q

Differentiate between the upper and lower half of the anal canal separated by the pectinate line

A

Upper half - endoderm, insensitive to pain, blood and lymphatic supply/drainage is via inferior mesenteric

Lower half - ectoderm, sensitive to pain, blood supply via inferior rectal branch of internal pudendal, lymphatics drain into the superificial inguinal nodes in the groin

NBCE Part 1 (25 decks)

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