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NBCE Part 1 > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What embryological layer does the heart develop from in the third week

A

mesoderm in the cephalic region

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2
Q

The primitive heart tube is formed by these two tubes composed of angioblastic tissue

A

endocardial

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3
Q

What three dilations are formed from the primitive heart tube folding on itself

A

atrial, ventricular, and bulbos cordis

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4
Q

the proximal end of the heart tube is formed by the _____ _____ and the distal end is formed by the _____ ____

A

sinus venosus, truncus arteriosus

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5
Q

Name the connection that allows oxygenated blood in the fetus to travel from the let pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

The ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth forming this

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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7
Q

Most common congenital heart disease

A

Ventricular septal defect

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8
Q

What does the most common form of atrial septal defect affect

A

ostium secundum

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9
Q

what is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease

A

fallot’s tetralogy

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10
Q

What conditions make up fallot’s tetralogy

A

pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, and over-riding (dextroposition) of the aorta

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11
Q

What type of shunts does cyanosis occur?

A

right to left shunts

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12
Q

what are the acyanotic congenital hear diseases (D)

A

atrial septal Deffect, ventricular septal Defect, persistent Ductus arteriorsus (all left to right)

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13
Q

Which congenital disorder results from failure of the ducuts arteriosus to close after birth

A

persistent ductus arteriosus

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14
Q

What are the two origins of the right atrium

A

sinus venosus and true atrium

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15
Q

The Rough part (area with pectinate) of the right atrium is derived from what

A

tRue atrium

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16
Q

The Smooth part of the RA is derived from this

A

Sinus venosus

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17
Q

What ridge separates the smooth and rough parts of the RA

A

crista terminalis

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18
Q

What two openings are found in the RA

A

SVC and IVC

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19
Q

what is the oval depression found in the RA interatrial septum

A

fossa ovale

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20
Q

the fossa ovalis of the RA is a remnant of this structure in a fetus

A

fetal foramen ovalis (septum primum)

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21
Q

What is the name of the ridge located above the fossa ovalis

A

limbus

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22
Q

What is the limbus of the fossa ovalis a remnant of

A

septum secondum

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23
Q

what percentage of the myocardial venous blood drains into the heart via the coronary sinus in the RA

A

60-70

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24
Q

Left atrium has how many pulmonary vein openings carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs

A

4 (same embryological origins as RA)

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25
Q

Name of a large fleshy piece located in the RV that carries a major part of the right bundle branch

A

septomarginal branch (moderator band)

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26
Q

a smooth funnel-shaped inlet to the opening of the pulmonary valves in the RV

A

infundibulum

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27
Q

The LV is __x more thick than the RV

A

3

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28
Q

Valve located at the 2nd RIGHT intercostal space near the sternal border

A

aortic

29
Q

Valve located at the 2nd LEFT intercostal space near the sternal border

A

pulmonary

30
Q

Valve located at the 4TH LEFT intercostal space near the sternal border

A

tricuspid

31
Q

Valve located at the 5TH LEFT intercostal space AWAY from the sternal border

A

mitral

32
Q

branches of right coronary artery

A

sinu-atrial, right marginal, posterior interventricular, and atrioventricular

33
Q

Where does the right coronary artery distribute blood

A

RA, RV, 30% of LA, AV node (85% of population), SA node (55% of population), posterior 1/3 of the interventircular septum

34
Q

Branches of the left coronary artery

A

circumflex, anterior interventricular, and left marginal

35
Q

Where is blood distributed from the left coronary artery

A

LV, 70% of LA, anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum

36
Q

What sinus drains 60-70% of the hearts venous blood

A

coronary, the rest of the heat is drained by the anterior cardiac vein into the RA

37
Q

The coronary arteries tributaries

A

great cardiac, small cardiac, middle cardiac, and oblique cardiac

38
Q

Structure located in the RA and bound by the tricuspid valve, opening of the coronary sinus, and the tendon of Todaro

A

Triangle of Koch

39
Q

The SA node is innervated by what structures

A

sympathetic from T1-5, parasympathetic from CN X

40
Q

the cardiac plexus is divided into two parts, deep and superficial, where are there locations

A

superficial - below the arch, deep - behind the arch of the aorta

41
Q

Where does the superficial part of the cardiac plexus receive fibers from

A

superior cervical sympathetic g. and inferior cardiac branch of the vagus

42
Q

At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta end

A

L4

43
Q

Paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta

A

inferior phrenic, middle adrenal, renal, gonadal

44
Q

Paired parietal branches of the abdominal aorta

A

1st to 4th lumbar arteries

45
Q

Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk (T12), superior mesenteric a. (L1), inferior mesenteric a. (L3), and median sacral a (L4)

46
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into these two branches at the end

A

common illiac which divide into internal and external iliac ateries

47
Q

Internal iliac artery has these 9 branches (Some Inherit Money, Others Inherit Insanity, Usually. Isn’t Life Silly)

A

Anterior division: Superior vesical, Inferior vesical, Middle rectal, Obturator, Inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, Uterine and vaginal in females

Posterior division: Iliolumbar Lateral sacral, Superior gluteal

48
Q

External illiac has these three branches (CID)

A

Cremasteric, Inferior epigastric, Deep circumflex (CID)

49
Q

The external iliac continues past the inguinal ligament as the femoral artery and has these brances (SDSD)

A

Superficial external pudendal, Deep external pudendal, Superficial circumflex, Deep femoral. (SDSD)

50
Q

the femoral artery passes through this canal to become the popliteal artery

A

adductor

51
Q

the popliteal artery bifurcates into these two arteries below the popliteal fossa

A

anterior and posterior tibial a.

52
Q

The posterior tibial a. passes _____ to the medial malleolus forming these two branches

A

posterior, medial and lateral plantar

53
Q

the anterior tibial artery continues in the foot as this

A

dorsalis pedis artery

54
Q

the dorsalis pedis artery of the anterior tibial supplies the dorsum of the foot with this branch

A

arcuate artery

55
Q

the left subclavian artery comes off of this artery

A

arch of the aorta

56
Q

the right subclavian artery comes off of this branch

A

brachiocephalic trunk

57
Q

Branches of the subclavian artery

A

internal thoracic, vertebral, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk, and dosral scapular

58
Q

Branches of the thyrocervical trunk (SIT)

A

Suprascapular, Inferior thyroid, Transverse cervical (SIT)

59
Q

Branches of costocervical trunk

A

superior intercostal artery and deep cervical

60
Q

At what location does the subclavian artery become the axillary

A

outer border of the 1st rib

61
Q

The pectoralis minor muscle divides the axillary artery into these three parts

A

superior-thoracic, thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic, and subscapular, posterior and anteiror circumflex humeral

62
Q

the axillary artery becomes the brachial beneath this structure

A

teres major

63
Q

the brachial artery terminates in the cubital fossa into these to branches

A

radial and ulnar

64
Q

branches off of the radial artery (RCMP)

A

Radial recurrent, Carpal, Muscular, and superficial Palmar (RCMP)

65
Q

SUperficial palmer branch is formed from this

A

Ulnar artery

66
Q

the deep palmer branch is formed from this

A

radial artery

67
Q

superficial palmer branch lies between these two structures

A

palmer aponeurosis and digital flexor tendons

68
Q

deep palmer branch lies between these two structures

A

palmar interossei and deep digital flexor tendons

NBCE Part 1 (25 decks)

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