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NBCE Part 1 > Cardiovascular Anatomy > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What embryological layer does the heart develop from in the third week

A

mesoderm in the cephalic region

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2
Q

The primitive heart tube is formed by these two tubes composed of angioblastic tissue

A

endocardial

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3
Q

What three dilations are formed from the primitive heart tube folding on itself

A

atrial, ventricular, and bulbos cordis

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4
Q

the proximal end of the heart tube is formed by the _____ _____ and the distal end is formed by the _____ ____

A

sinus venosus, truncus arteriosus

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5
Q

Name the connection that allows oxygenated blood in the fetus to travel from the let pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta

A

ductus arteriosus

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6
Q

The ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth forming this

A

ligamentum arteriosum

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7
Q

Most common congenital heart disease

A

Ventricular septal defect

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8
Q

What does the most common form of atrial septal defect affect

A

ostium secundum

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9
Q

what is the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease

A

fallot’s tetralogy

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10
Q

What conditions make up fallot’s tetralogy

A

pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, and over-riding (dextroposition) of the aorta

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11
Q

What type of shunts does cyanosis occur?

A

right to left shunts

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12
Q

what are the acyanotic congenital hear diseases (D)

A

atrial septal Deffect, ventricular septal Defect, persistent Ductus arteriorsus (all left to right)

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13
Q

Which congenital disorder results from failure of the ducuts arteriosus to close after birth

A

persistent ductus arteriosus

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14
Q

What are the two origins of the right atrium

A

sinus venosus and true atrium

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15
Q

The Rough part (area with pectinate) of the right atrium is derived from what

A

tRue atrium

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16
Q

The Smooth part of the RA is derived from this

A

Sinus venosus

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17
Q

What ridge separates the smooth and rough parts of the RA

A

crista terminalis

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18
Q

What two openings are found in the RA

A

SVC and IVC

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19
Q

what is the oval depression found in the RA interatrial septum

A

fossa ovale

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20
Q

the fossa ovalis of the RA is a remnant of this structure in a fetus

A

fetal foramen ovalis (septum primum)

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21
Q

What is the name of the ridge located above the fossa ovalis

A

limbus

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22
Q

What is the limbus of the fossa ovalis a remnant of

A

septum secondum

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23
Q

what percentage of the myocardial venous blood drains into the heart via the coronary sinus in the RA

A

60-70

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24
Q

Left atrium has how many pulmonary vein openings carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs

A

4 (same embryological origins as RA)

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25
Name of a large fleshy piece located in the RV that carries a major part of the right bundle branch
septomarginal branch (moderator band)
26
a smooth funnel-shaped inlet to the opening of the pulmonary valves in the RV
infundibulum
27
The LV is __x more thick than the RV
3
28
Valve located at the 2nd RIGHT intercostal space near the sternal border
aortic
29
Valve located at the 2nd LEFT intercostal space near the sternal border
pulmonary
30
Valve located at the 4TH LEFT intercostal space near the sternal border
tricuspid
31
Valve located at the 5TH LEFT intercostal space AWAY from the sternal border
mitral
32
branches of right coronary artery
sinu-atrial, right marginal, posterior interventricular, and atrioventricular
33
Where does the right coronary artery distribute blood
RA, RV, 30% of LA, AV node (85% of population), SA node (55% of population), posterior 1/3 of the interventircular septum
34
Branches of the left coronary artery
circumflex, anterior interventricular, and left marginal
35
Where is blood distributed from the left coronary artery
LV, 70% of LA, anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum
36
What sinus drains 60-70% of the hearts venous blood
coronary, the rest of the heat is drained by the anterior cardiac vein into the RA
37
The coronary arteries tributaries
great cardiac, small cardiac, middle cardiac, and oblique cardiac
38
Structure located in the RA and bound by the tricuspid valve, opening of the coronary sinus, and the tendon of Todaro
Triangle of Koch
39
The SA node is innervated by what structures
sympathetic from T1-5, parasympathetic from CN X
40
the cardiac plexus is divided into two parts, deep and superficial, where are there locations
superficial - below the arch, deep - behind the arch of the aorta
41
Where does the superficial part of the cardiac plexus receive fibers from
superior cervical sympathetic g. and inferior cardiac branch of the vagus
42
At what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta end
L4
43
Paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta
inferior phrenic, middle adrenal, renal, gonadal
44
Paired parietal branches of the abdominal aorta
1st to 4th lumbar arteries
45
Unpaired branches of the abdominal aorta
celiac trunk (T12), superior mesenteric a. (L1), inferior mesenteric a. (L3), and median sacral a (L4)
46
The abdominal aorta bifurcates into these two branches at the end
common illiac which divide into internal and external iliac ateries
47
Internal iliac artery has these 9 branches (Some Inherit Money, Others Inherit Insanity, Usually. Isn't Life Silly)
Anterior division: Superior vesical, Inferior vesical, Middle rectal, Obturator, Inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, Uterine and vaginal in females Posterior division: Iliolumbar Lateral sacral, Superior gluteal
48
External illiac has these three branches (CID)
Cremasteric, Inferior epigastric, Deep circumflex (CID)
49
The external iliac continues past the inguinal ligament as the femoral artery and has these brances (SDSD)
Superficial external pudendal, Deep external pudendal, Superficial circumflex, Deep femoral. (SDSD)
50
the femoral artery passes through this canal to become the popliteal artery
adductor
51
the popliteal artery bifurcates into these two arteries below the popliteal fossa
anterior and posterior tibial a.
52
The posterior tibial a. passes _____ to the medial malleolus forming these two branches
posterior, medial and lateral plantar
53
the anterior tibial artery continues in the foot as this
dorsalis pedis artery
54
the dorsalis pedis artery of the anterior tibial supplies the dorsum of the foot with this branch
arcuate artery
55
the left subclavian artery comes off of this artery
arch of the aorta
56
the right subclavian artery comes off of this branch
brachiocephalic trunk
57
Branches of the subclavian artery
internal thoracic, vertebral, thyrocervical trunk, costocervical trunk, and dosral scapular
58
Branches of the thyrocervical trunk (SIT)
Suprascapular, Inferior thyroid, Transverse cervical (SIT)
59
Branches of costocervical trunk
superior intercostal artery and deep cervical
60
At what location does the subclavian artery become the axillary
outer border of the 1st rib
61
The pectoralis minor muscle divides the axillary artery into these three parts
superior-thoracic, thoraco-acromial and lateral thoracic, and subscapular, posterior and anteiror circumflex humeral
62
the axillary artery becomes the brachial beneath this structure
teres major
63
the brachial artery terminates in the cubital fossa into these to branches
radial and ulnar
64
branches off of the radial artery (RCMP)
Radial recurrent, Carpal, Muscular, and superficial Palmar (RCMP)
65
SUperficial palmer branch is formed from this
Ulnar artery
66
the deep palmer branch is formed from this
radial artery
67
superficial palmer branch lies between these two structures
palmer aponeurosis and digital flexor tendons
68
deep palmer branch lies between these two structures
palmar interossei and deep digital flexor tendons

NBCE Part 1 (25 decks)

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