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Pathology > Urinary 4 Dz of Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Urinary 4 Dz of Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

What are your 2 inherited abnormalities in renal tubular function?

A

Primary Renal Glucosuria

Basenji dog Fanconi Syndrome

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2
Q

Which breed of dog will you see the primary renal glucosuria

A

Norwegian elkhounds

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3
Q

What do you need to distinguish the primary renal glucosuria from?

A

diabetes mellitus

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4
Q

Acute tubular necrosis is due to? (9)

A 
Nephrotoxic pigments
Heavy metals
Drugs
Fungal toxicns
plant toxins
chemical
vitamins and minerals
bacterial toxins
*ischemia*
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5
Q

What are you’re two proteins responsible for nephrotoxic pigments?

A

Hemoglobin

Myoglobin

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6
Q

Hemoglobinuria occurs with hemolysis when? (4)

A

Copper tox in sheep

Lepto/babesia cattle

Babesia/AIHA dogs

Red maple tox in horses

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7
Q

What happens with extensive acute muscle necrosis?

A

Myoglobinuria nephrosis

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8
Q

Myoglobinuria occurs with extensive acute muscle necrosis and is seen with? (3)

A

Exertional myopathy in horses

Capture myopath in wild animals

Severe muscle trauma

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9
Q

What type of acute tubular necrosis is an important wildlife dz?

A

Heavy metal tox

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10
Q

What kind of histologic changes will you see in heavy metal tox?

A

Tubular necrosis
Degeneration
intranuclear inclusion bodies

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11
Q

When will you see drug toxicity in acute tubular necrosis?

A

When they are administered at an excess dose or too frequently

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12
Q

How does drug tox effect the tubules?

A

direct tubular epiethelial injury or hypoxic injury by vasoconstriction and reduced RBF

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13
Q

What kind of drugs can be toxic?

A

Antimicrobials: Aminos

NSAIDs

Immunosuppressive drugs: cyclosporin

Antineoplastic chemo drugs

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14
Q

What is the pathogenesis behind NSAID nephrotoxicity?

A

NSAIDs decrease synthesis of renal Prostaglandins (they maintain normal RBF)

Renal vasoconstriction that causes ischemia which leads to tubular degeneration and necrosis and acute renal failure

they can also cause renal papillary necrosis

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15
Q

What kind of fungal toxins (mycotoxins) affect the tubules?

Where can animals get this from

A

Aspergillus-aflatoxin

Feed contaminants

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16
Q

What kind of Plants are toxic?

A

Pig weed

Oxalate-rich plants

Grapes/raisins

lillies

oak

17
Q

Oxalate nephrosis occurs when?

A

calcium oxalates precipitate in the renal tubules whic forms oxalate crystals with subsequent tubular epithelial injury and renal failure

18
Q

What kind of chemicals are toxic? Do they form crystals?

What part of the kidney do they effect?

A

Ethylene glycol-causes oxalate nephrosis

Melamine and Cyanuric Acid: food additives that artificially elevate protein levels
Distal tubular necrosis-irregular brown birefringent crystals

19
Q

What vitamin and mineral toxicities can you see?

Where do they get it from?

A

Vitamin D toxicosis in dogs and cats.

Ingestion of calciferol-containing rodenticides

Calcinogenic plants for ruminants

20
Q

What is pathogensis behind Vit D toxicosis?

A

Vit D tox leads to hypERcalcemia

This causes metastatic mineralization of tubular and glom basement membranes followed by

degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis, and loss of func

21
Q

What causes pulpy kidney?

A

Bacterial toxins

22
Q

What are common bacterial toxins?

What do you see histologically?

A

Clostridium perfringes D-epsilon exotoxin

Bilateral acute tubular degeneration and necrosis, with interstitial edema and hemorrhage

23
Q

What are your 3 diseases of the Renal Pelvis?

A

Hydronephrosis

Pyelonephritis

Papillary necrosis

24
Q

Why would an animal develop hydronephritis?

A

Obstruction of urine outflow due to:

caculi
inflammation and fibrosis
neoplasia
neurogenic functional disorders

25
Q

What kind of lesions will you see with Pyelonephritis?

A

Gross: expansion of renal pelvis by purulent exudate

Micro: Suppurative inflammation of PELVIS and MEDULLA with necrotic transitional epithelium

26
Q

Papillary necrosis is caused by? and what animal is this frequent in?

A

Ischemic injury from NSAIDs

Horses

27
Q

What are your diseases of the interstitium? (3)

A

Granulomatous nephritis

Xanthogranulomas

Renal interstitial amyloidosis

28
Q

When will you see cats that have xanthogranuloma?

dogs?

A

With inherited hyperlipoprotenemia

Similar lesions with dogs with hypothyroidism and severe artherosclerosis

29
Q

What is more common to see than renal interstitial amyloidosis?

A

glom amyloidosis

30
Q

What kind of neoplastic diseases of the kidney can you see?

A

Epithelial tumors: TCC and papilloma, renal adenoma and CARCINOMA

Mesenchymal: fibromas, fibrosarcomas, heangiosarcomas

Embryonal: NEPHROBLASTOMA

Metastatic and invasive

31
Q

What tumor is most common in the urinary bladder?

A

TCC (carcinoma) and transitional cell papillomas

32
Q

What is the most common primary renal neoplasm of the kidney?

What time of life, and what spp?

A

Renal carcinoma

Older dogs

GS’s are associated with nodular dermatofibrosis

33
Q

What is nephroblastoma? What else is it called?

A

Wilms tumor

its an embryonal nephroma.

34
Q

What spp is a wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) common in?

A

Pigs, chickens, some fish

35
Q

What is a common tumor that maybe primary or metastatic, can also be nodular or diffuse?

A

Renal Lymphoma

36
Q

What are your developmental anomalies? (5)

A

Aplasia

Hypoplasia

Ectopic ureters

Patent Urachus

Urinary Bladder diverticulum

37
Q

What is the most common malformation of the urinary bladder?

What is it? What animals does it affect the most?

A

Patent urachus

A failure of the urachus to close.

Dribbles urine

Foals

Pathology (20 decks)

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