Urinary 4 Dz of Kidney and Lower Urinary Tract Flashcards
What are your 2 inherited abnormalities in renal tubular function?
Primary Renal Glucosuria
Basenji dog Fanconi Syndrome
Which breed of dog will you see the primary renal glucosuria
Norwegian elkhounds
What do you need to distinguish the primary renal glucosuria from?
diabetes mellitus
Acute tubular necrosis is due to? (9)
Nephrotoxic pigments Heavy metals Drugs Fungal toxicns plant toxins chemical vitamins and minerals bacterial toxins *ischemia*
What are you’re two proteins responsible for nephrotoxic pigments?
Hemoglobin
Myoglobin
Hemoglobinuria occurs with hemolysis when? (4)
Copper tox in sheep
Lepto/babesia cattle
Babesia/AIHA dogs
Red maple tox in horses
What happens with extensive acute muscle necrosis?
Myoglobinuria nephrosis
Myoglobinuria occurs with extensive acute muscle necrosis and is seen with? (3)
Exertional myopathy in horses
Capture myopath in wild animals
Severe muscle trauma
What type of acute tubular necrosis is an important wildlife dz?
Heavy metal tox
What kind of histologic changes will you see in heavy metal tox?
Tubular necrosis
Degeneration
intranuclear inclusion bodies
When will you see drug toxicity in acute tubular necrosis?
When they are administered at an excess dose or too frequently
How does drug tox effect the tubules?
direct tubular epiethelial injury or hypoxic injury by vasoconstriction and reduced RBF
What kind of drugs can be toxic?
Antimicrobials: Aminos
NSAIDs
Immunosuppressive drugs: cyclosporin
Antineoplastic chemo drugs
What is the pathogenesis behind NSAID nephrotoxicity?
NSAIDs decrease synthesis of renal Prostaglandins (they maintain normal RBF)
Renal vasoconstriction that causes ischemia which leads to tubular degeneration and necrosis and acute renal failure
they can also cause renal papillary necrosis
What kind of fungal toxins (mycotoxins) affect the tubules?
Where can animals get this from
Aspergillus-aflatoxin
Feed contaminants
What kind of Plants are toxic?
Pig weed
Oxalate-rich plants
Grapes/raisins
lillies
oak
Oxalate nephrosis occurs when?
calcium oxalates precipitate in the renal tubules whic forms oxalate crystals with subsequent tubular epithelial injury and renal failure
What kind of chemicals are toxic? Do they form crystals?
What part of the kidney do they effect?
Ethylene glycol-causes oxalate nephrosis
Melamine and Cyanuric Acid: food additives that artificially elevate protein levels
Distal tubular necrosis-irregular brown birefringent crystals
What vitamin and mineral toxicities can you see?
Where do they get it from?
Vitamin D toxicosis in dogs and cats.
Ingestion of calciferol-containing rodenticides
Calcinogenic plants for ruminants
What is pathogensis behind Vit D toxicosis?
Vit D tox leads to hypERcalcemia
This causes metastatic mineralization of tubular and glom basement membranes followed by
degeneration, necrosis, fibrosis, and loss of func
What causes pulpy kidney?
Bacterial toxins
What are common bacterial toxins?
What do you see histologically?
Clostridium perfringes D-epsilon exotoxin
Bilateral acute tubular degeneration and necrosis, with interstitial edema and hemorrhage
What are your 3 diseases of the Renal Pelvis?
Hydronephrosis
Pyelonephritis
Papillary necrosis
Why would an animal develop hydronephritis?
Obstruction of urine outflow due to:
caculi
inflammation and fibrosis
neoplasia
neurogenic functional disorders
What kind of lesions will you see with Pyelonephritis?
Gross: expansion of renal pelvis by purulent exudate
Micro: Suppurative inflammation of PELVIS and MEDULLA with necrotic transitional epithelium
Papillary necrosis is caused by? and what animal is this frequent in?
Ischemic injury from NSAIDs
Horses
What are your diseases of the interstitium? (3)
Granulomatous nephritis
Xanthogranulomas
Renal interstitial amyloidosis
When will you see cats that have xanthogranuloma?
dogs?
With inherited hyperlipoprotenemia
Similar lesions with dogs with hypothyroidism and severe artherosclerosis
What is more common to see than renal interstitial amyloidosis?
glom amyloidosis
What kind of neoplastic diseases of the kidney can you see?
Epithelial tumors: TCC and papilloma, renal adenoma and CARCINOMA
Mesenchymal: fibromas, fibrosarcomas, heangiosarcomas
Embryonal: NEPHROBLASTOMA
Metastatic and invasive
What tumor is most common in the urinary bladder?
TCC (carcinoma) and transitional cell papillomas
What is the most common primary renal neoplasm of the kidney?
What time of life, and what spp?
Renal carcinoma
Older dogs
GS’s are associated with nodular dermatofibrosis
What is nephroblastoma? What else is it called?
Wilms tumor
its an embryonal nephroma.
What spp is a wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) common in?
Pigs, chickens, some fish
What is a common tumor that maybe primary or metastatic, can also be nodular or diffuse?
Renal Lymphoma
What are your developmental anomalies? (5)
Aplasia
Hypoplasia
Ectopic ureters
Patent Urachus
Urinary Bladder diverticulum
What is the most common malformation of the urinary bladder?
What is it? What animals does it affect the most?
Patent urachus
A failure of the urachus to close.
Dribbles urine
Foals
