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Pathology > Alimentary 3 - Stomach > Flashcards

Alimentary 3 - Stomach Flashcards

1
Q

Whats another name for bloat?

A

Ruminal Tympany

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of tympany?

A

Primary (frothy)

Secondary (free)

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3
Q

What are other names for frothy bloat?

A

Legume bloat, dietary bloat

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4
Q

What causes frothy bloat?

A

New diet consisting of high grain.

Increased production of VFAs which decrease reticuloruminal motility

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5
Q

What causes free gas bloat?

A

Physical obstructions: FB or tumors

Functional Obstructions: Vagal indigestion or innervation disorders

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6
Q

Vagal indigestion causes what? and why?

A

Free gas bloat

Damage to the vagas nerve can result in hypOmotility, pyloric stenosis.

Idiopathic

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7
Q

CS of ruminal tympany

A

Abdominal distention

Reluctance to move and cessation of feeding

Signs of distress: anxiety and vocalization

Respiratory distress

Recumbancy=death

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8
Q

What are your gross lesions for bloat?

A

Compression of lungs and liver

Diffusely pale liver

Bloat line-congestion and hemorrhage of the esophagus cranial to the thoracic inlet. abrupt line of pallor caudal to the thoracic inlet

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9
Q

Whats a trichobezoar and phytobezoar?

A

Hair ball, plant ball

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10
Q

Traumatic reticulopericarditis, otherwise known as?

A

Hardware dz

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11
Q

Grain overload aka?

A

Ruminal Lactic acidosis

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12
Q

Pathogenesis behind Ruminal Lactic Acidosis

A

change to a carb rich feed.
Promotes G+ bacteria
Fermentation of carbs by G+ bacteria leads to lactic acid production and reduction of ruminal pH below 5.

This disrupts normal flora and damages mucosa-erosions and ulcerations

Solute conc increases –osmotic fluid accumulation—dehydrations and hypovolemia. Lactate absorption=acidosis

can lead to death within 24hrs

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13
Q

What can happen secondarily to lactic acidosis?

A

Bacterial Rumenitis

Mycotic Rumenitis

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14
Q

If the ruminal mucosa is damaged this can lead to what?

A

Bacteria translocation to the liver via the portal circ and cause abscessation (hematogenous spread, multifocal, embolic pattern)

Fungi that penetrate the mucosa cause vasculitis which leads to thrombosis and multifocal well-demarcated red circular areas of infarction

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15
Q

What is the etiology of abomasal displacement?

A

Multifactorial:

Postparturient hypocalcemia and high fatty acid conc from grain overload

gas production by microflora and gas accumulation due to atony and failure of eructation

abdominal organs change positions during the periparturient period

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16
Q

L or R abomasal displacement is most common?

A

Left

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17
Q

When do you typically see LDA?

A

6 wks postparturition in high producing dairy cattle

18
Q

Where can LDA cause partial obstruction of outflow at?

A

Abomasum

19
Q

Which is more fatal, LDA or RDA?

A

RDA-can lead to complete obstruction and can progress to abomasal volvulus AV.

20
Q

CS of Ab Disp.

A

Anorexia, cachexia, dehydration reduced ruminal motility, lack of feces.

Metabolic alkalosis
Hypochloremia (seq and loss of gastric HCL)
Hypokalemia (decreased oral potassium intake and continued renal excretion)

21
Q

What kind of Clinical HISTORY will you see in Abomasal Dilation of dairy calves?

A

Single milk feeding per day regimen

Cold milk

Lack of free choice water

Inconsistent feeding time

Dosing with high energy electrolyte solution

no colostrum

High carb

22
Q

Acute gastric dilation and rupture is most common seen in what animal and what is it associated with?

A

Horses

Intestinal obstructions or displacements.

23
Q

Where does a gastric rupture usually occur in the horse?

A

Greater curvature of the stomach

24
Q

How can you tell the difference between antemortem or postmortem ruptures?

A

Changes along the rupture margin for antemortem: hemorrhage, inflammation, fibrin accumulation

No changes will be present postmortem

25
Q

Who are most susceptible for pyloric stenosis?

A

Brachycephalic

Siamese

Horses

Humans

26
Q

When will you see pyloric stenosis?

A

A recently weaned puppy for regurgitation and vomiting

27
Q

Functional pyloric stenosis can occur when?

A

As a feature of vagal indigestion in ruminants

28
Q

If you can have an animal that has; vomiting, inappetence, abdominal pain, anemia, MELENA, ptyalism, and bruxism

What should be on your ddx?

A

Ulcers!!!!

29
Q

What are some causes for ulcers?

A

Imbalance btw acid secretion and mucosal protection

High gastric acidity

Trauma to mucosa

Backflush of bile salts from duodenum

Vascular dz

Steroid adn NSAID admin

30
Q

What are the 2 mechanism for Tumor associated gastric hyperacidity?

A

Duodenal tumors or pancreatic islet cell tumors that produce GASTRIN and HISTAMINE may increase gastic HCL production leading to ulcers

Large mast cell tumors that release large amounts of systemic HISTAMINE can stimulate gatsric HCL secretion and lead to ulceration

31
Q

What bacteria in ferrets can cause ulcers?

A

H. mustelae

32
Q

Which way does the stomach twist when viewed from the VENTRAL aspect?

A

Clockwise

33
Q

What else gets displaced during a gastric volvulus

A

Spleen displacement

Esophagus twistsing

34
Q

What will you see as a result of GDV?

A

vascular compression, decreased venous drainage, severe splanchnic venous congestion, regional hypoxemia

35
Q

Why does death occur with GDV?

A

cardiovascular shock due to decreased portal venous return and pancreatic ischemia leads to the release of myocardial depressant factor from the pancrease which causes reduction of myocardial contractility

36
Q

What breeds are affected by Chronic Hypertrophic gastropathy?

A

Basenji, beagle, boxer, bull terrier

37
Q

What is characterized by diffuse thickening of gastric mucosa with accentuation of mucosal folds?

What does the lead to?

A

Chronic hypertrophic gastropathy

Increased mucosal permeability to serum proteins with subsequent PLG

38
Q

What can lead to the formation of a hypertrophic mass at the pylorus-not diffuse?

Who gets this?

A

Giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy

older sm breed dogs

39
Q

What can Giant hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy be confused with?

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

40
Q

What are you neoplasms of the stomach?

A

SCC

Lymphoma

41
Q

Who is SCC common in and where does it happen within the stomach

A

Horses

Squamous portion-non glandular

42
Q

What is a neoplasm of cattle thats common in the abomasum, uterus, and right atrium? whats the etiology?

A

Lymphoma

BLV

Pathology (20 decks)

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