Alimentary 1 - Oral Cavity Flashcards
What do herbivores digest?
What do they need to digest this?
Cellulose
Fermentation chamber
What do carnivores digest?
What do they need to digest this?
Proteins
Enzymatic breakdown to AA
Proteins are degraded by?
Gastric pepsin
Pancreatic trypsin
chymotrypsin
Lipids are degraded into?
By what?
Fatty acids
Glycerol
by pancreatic lipase and bile salts
Carbs are degraded into?
By?
Simple sugars
pancreatic amylase
Single AA and small Peptides are absorbed by?
SI enterocytes
Where is most water reabsorbed?
SI
What part of the GI secretes potassium, chloride, and bicarb?
LI
What are your 5 portals of entry?
Ingestion Coughed up then swallowed Hematogenous Parasite migration Bowel Rupture/perf
Defense Mechanisms
10
Saliva Resident Microflora Gastric pH Vomiting Increased peristalsis during diarrhea Secretions from liver and pancreas Intestinal proteolytic enzymes High rate of epithelial turnover Innate Immunity Adaptive immunity
What are your 2 developmental anomalies?
Palatoschisis
Cheiloschisis
What is it called when there is a failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes?
Palatoschisis
What are some reasons for a palatoschisis?
Genetic mutation=spontaneous, hereditary, or toxin induced
Steroid admin during pregnancy in primates have been linkied.
What is considered to be a severe palatoschisis?
When it involves both the hard and soft palate
If you have a patient that is starving and/or aspirate pneumonia, why would you want to exam their oral cavity?
To see if they have a palatoschisis
What condition could interfere with suckling?
Cleft lip
Cheiloschisis
Def of Erosion
Partial thickness loss of epithelium
Ulcer Def
Full thickness necrosis of epithelium
What are some causes of erosions/ulcers?
Viruses Uremic Syndrome Vit C def in primates and guinea pigs Feline eosinophilic granuloma complex FB-foxtail or splinters
What are some viruses that can cause erosions/ulcers?
BVD Rinderpest Malignant catarrhal fever Calicivirus Herpes FIV Bluetongue FMD Vesicular Stomatitis Ves Exanthema of swine Swine Ves Dz Pox's
What are some reasons you can get stomatitis and gingivitis
Physical Trauma Chemical injury Infections Inflammation AI dz
What are 2 systemic illnesses that can lead to oral lesions?
Uremic Syndrom
FIV-Lesions are associated w/reduction of CD4 lymphocytes
What are 2 Pox dz or the oral cavity?
What do they look like histopathically?
Bovine Papular Stomatitis
Contagious Ecthyma (Orf)
Proliferation and necrosis with eosinophilic cytopasmic inclusion bodies
What are 2 necrotizing Dz of the oral cavity?
Calf Diptheria
Noma
CS of swollen cheeks, inappetence, pyrexia, and halitosis, can lead to extensive ulceration and formation of fibrinonecrotic membrane?
Calf Diptheria
What bacteria is involved with Calf Diptheria?
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Necrotizing gingivitis that extends into adjacent bone causing severe tissue destruction, and sometimes death
Associated with immunosupression
Noma
What bacterias are associated with Noma
Fusobacterium necrophorum and spirochetes
What is a dz in cats to look out for in the mouth?
Whats another name for it?
Eosinophillic stomatitis and gingivitis
Rodent Ulcer
Oral Eosinophilic granuloma
Chronic inflammation and painful mouth with reddened and ulcerated gingival mucosa? Idiopathic named based on the histologic lesions
In cats
Feline Lymphoplasmacytic Stomatitis and gingivitis
Whats the name for kissing ulcers in dogs?
Canine Chronic Ulcerative Paradental Stomatitis
CUPS
Whats the pathogenesis behind CUPS?
Dental plaques contain bacteria that release inflammatory mediators and toxins
Whats an immune mediated dz of the oral cavity?
Pemphigus vulgaris
Whats the pathogenesis behind Pemphigus vulgaris?
Acantholysis (loss of intracellular connections) of epithelium of oral mucosa, mucocutaneous junctions, and skin (axilla and groin)
Caused by autoantibodies to desmosomal proteins in St Squamous epitelium
What breeds is gingival hyperplasia common in?
Dogs
Brachycephalic breeds
What else is on your DDx for gingival hyperplasia?
Neoplasias
What can gingival hyperplasia be associated with?
Medications causing calcium antagonism
cyclosporine, phenytoin, oxodipine
What age do you typically see Benign papillomas? and whats the prognosis for it?
Young dogs < 1
Great, tumors regress spontaneously and have long lasting immunity
Whats an uncommon oral tumor that may occur in the oral cavity, esophagus, or intestines that is benign-w/o invasion or metastasis
Oral Plasmocytomas
What neoplasia is very dangerous with a high percentage of them being malignant?
Malignant Melanoma
Whats it called when a melanoma is non-pigmented or white to pinkish tan?
Amelanotic melanoma
What neoplasm frequently affects the tonsils and tongue? Invasive and destructive
Whats the prognosis?
SCC
Poor
Whats one more canine neoplasm to watch out for?
Whats a characteristic of it?
Fibrosarcoma
Locally destructive, rare metastasis
Do you normally see benign tumors in cats?
NO
What are your 2 malignant tumors to look out for in cats?
SCC-60%
Fibrosarcomas
Where does SCC occur orally in the cat?
Prognosis?
Ventrolateral tongue and tonsils
Very poor unless excised VERY early
