Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Hepatobiliary 1 > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are your 4 portals of entry into the liver?

A

Direct extension

Hematogenous spread

Retrograde Biliary Infection-ascending

Retrograde Pancreatic ductular infection-ascending from intestines through pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sublethal injury and degeneration results in?

A

autophagy of damaged organelles and accumulation of lipofuscin pigment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Specific areas of degeneration and necrosis that are restricted to a particular portion of the hepatic lobule is considered?

A

Zonal Necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of necrosis occurs with hypoxic injury?

A

Centrilobar hepatic necrosis-Zone 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Other than hypoxic injury, when else can Zone 3 become necrotic

A

hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is zone 3 most susceptible to hepatotoxicity?

A

Mixed function oxidases which are present in zone 3. They function in the metabolism of drugs and toxins-Cyt450

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If you have hemolytic dz what kind of hyperbilirubinemia would this cause?

A

Prehepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs with obstruction of the extrahepatic bile ducts?

A

Extrahepatic cholestasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What occurs with impairment of bile flow within the canaliculi

A

Intrahepatic cholestasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What parts of the liver can regenerate?

A

All

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What leads to the progressive loss of function due to loss of normal architecture and less efficient hepatic lobules with fibrosis and altered blood supply?

A

Chronic injury and regeneration leads to this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an increase in the amount of collagen within the liver?

A

Hepatic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cells produce collagen in the liver?

A

Stellate cells within the space of Disse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What dz would cause biliary hyperplasia?

A

biliary inflammation, obstruction, and cholestasis

Also considered to be a non-specific response to a variety of liver insults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are 4 causes of end stage liver

A

Chronic hepatoxicity
chronic hepatitis/cholangiohepatitis
chronic biliary obstructive dz
chronic degenerative liver dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How much of the liver can be removed without significant impairment of function?

A

75%

17
Q

What are some consequences of hepatic failure?

A

Hyperammonemia

Icterus/Jaundice

Metabolic disturbances

Vascular and hemodynamic alterations

Cutaneous Manifestations

Immunologic manifestations

Coagulation abnormalilties

Hypoalbuminemia and ascites

18
Q

4 congenital abnormalities

A

Biliary Cysts

Ductal plate malformations

Portosystemic shunts

Port vein hypoplasia

19
Q

What spp of animals is polycystic dz reported in?

A

Dog, cat, goat, sheep

20
Q

What are predisposed breed to polycystic dz?

A

Persian Cats

Bull terriers

West Highlands

Cairn Terriers

21
Q

Histologically characterized by diffuse periportal to bridging fibrosis with numerous small, often-irregular bile ducts and reduction in the number of portal vein branches, is what dz?

A

Ductal plate malformations

22
Q

What dz is often progressive with portal hypertension leading to ascites, icterus, and end stage liver dz?

What breed is predisposed?

A

Congenital hepatic fibrosis

YOUNG DOGs—Boxers

23
Q

What dz results in an embolic pattern which is randomly multifocal

A

Acute Hepatitis

24
Q

Acute hepatitis is characterized by?

A

Inflammation

Hepatocellular necrosis

Apoptosis

25
Q

What is characterized by fibrosis, mononuclear inflammation cells, hepatocellular loss, nodular regeneration, and structural remodeling of the hepatic lobule and vasculature

A

Chronic hepatitis

26
Q

What is characterized by mild mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates in the portal tracts, less commonly around central veins

A

Nonspecific reactive hepatitis

27
Q

What is a diffuse process in th eliver that is a response to sytemic inflammation

A

Nonspecific reactive hepatitis

28
Q

What is nonspecific reactive hepatitis most commonly stemming from?

A

GI dz

29
Q

What values in blood work would you see a mild elevation in, for nonspecific reactive hepatitis?

A

ALT

ALP

30
Q

Chronic cholangitis may lead to?

A

Cholestasis and posthepatic hyperbilirubinemia

31
Q

What are your two kinds of cholangitis?

A

Neutrophillic

Lymphocytic

32
Q

What is a chronic, immune-mediated biliary dz of CATS

A

Lymphocytic

33
Q

Inflammation of the biliary ducts and extension of inflammation into the surround liver parenchyma is called?

A

Cholangiohepatitis

34
Q

What causes cholangeiohepatitis?

A

Extension of bacterial cholangitis into the surrounding into periportal hepatic parenchyma

35
Q

Why would you see a greater elevation of serum ALT in cholangiohepatitis?

A

There is damage to more hepatocytes

Pathology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions