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Pathology > Alimentary 4 - Intestines > Flashcards

Alimentary 4 - Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What are neoplasms called that arise from enteroendocrine cells?

A

Intestinal carcinoid

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2
Q

What type of cells in the intestine serve as portal of entry for some bacteria and viruses?

A

M cells

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3
Q

What are 5 defensive mechanisms of the intestinal tract?

A

Indigenous microflora

Intestinal motility

Epithelial turnover

bile salts

kupffer cells

Mucosal immunity

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4
Q

What is atresia?

atresia ani

atresia coli

A

Abnormal embryonic development resulting in lack of an intestinal segment and abnormal closure of a lumen

ani-anus

coli-colon

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5
Q

Whats a remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct/vitelline duct?

A

Persistant Meckels Diverticulum

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6
Q

Whats a congenital dz is well describe in white paint foals?

A

Congenital megacolon

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7
Q

What occurs due to developmental lack of myenteric plexus formation in the colon and rectum

A

Congenital megacolon

aka hirshsprungs dz

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8
Q

What gene is effected in Megacolon in white paint foals?

A

Homozygous mutation of the endothelin receptor type B gene (EDNRB)

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9
Q

What is an acquired megacolon secondary to?

A

Nerve damage

Trauma induced usually-hit by car.

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10
Q

What are your 3 main types of obstructions that can occur?

A

Intraluminal

Intramural

Extramural

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11
Q

What are some causes of intraluminal obstructions?

A 
FB
Enteroliths
Trichobezoars/phytobezoars
Parasites
Impaction
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12
Q

Intramural Obstructions are caused by? 2

A

Intestinal Strictures from salmonella, and secondary to injury or surgery

Primary neoplasms-adenomas/adenocarcinomas

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13
Q

Reasons for Extramural obstructions?

A

Fibrous adhesions

Pedunculated lipomas

abdominal neoplasias

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14
Q

What kind of Incarcerations and strangulations can happen in horses?

A

Epiploic foramen entrapment

Mesenteric tears

Pedunculated lipomas can cause strangulation of a segmented intestine

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15
Q

What are your 4 external heriations?

A

Umbilical

Diaphragmatic

Inguinal/scrotal

Perineal

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16
Q

Whats it called when intestine twists on its mesenteric axis?

A

Volvulus

17
Q

Whats it called when a rotation of a tubular organ along its long axis?

A

Torsion

18
Q

Whats it called when the colon can become entrapped by the renosplenic ligament that runs between the left kidney and spleen?

A

Renosplenic entrapment

19
Q

Whats a right dorsal displacement?

A

Left D and V colons are displaced to the right of the cecum and may result in torsion of the displaced colonic segments

20
Q

Whats is called when invagination of one intestinal segment into an adjacent segment?

A

Intussusception

21
Q

What are some causes for intussusception?

A

Eneteritis, hypermotility, heavy parasite load, neoplasia, linear FB

22
Q

whats it called when a function obstruction happens of the intestine due to hypomotility?

A

Paralytic Ileus or

Adynamic ileus

23
Q

What is dysautonomia?

A

Grass Sickness

Colic in horses due to widespread degeneration and loss of autonomic ganglia causing marked reduction of GI motility which can lead to a functional intestinal obstruction and result in gastric and esophageal dialtion–colic

24
Q

What kind of bacteria is associated with dysautonomia?

A

Clostridium Botulinum type C

C for colic

25
Q

What areas of the intestines are predisposed to obstructions?

A

Ileocecal valve
Pelvic flexure
RDC into TC

26
Q

When you have abdominal pain (colic), how do you need to differentiate it?

A

Non Stragnulation

Strangulation

Inflammatory

27
Q

What is the most commonly reported cause of PLE in dogs?

CS?

A

Lymphangiectasia

CS: diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypoproteinemia, and ascites

28
Q

What breeds do you want to think about for Congenital lymphangiectasia?

A

Yorkies
Rotties
Norwegien Lundehunds

29
Q

What occurs secodnary to lymph obstruction cause by inflammatory or neoplastic dz? Occur in conjunction w/IBS

A

acquired lymphangiectasia

Pathology (20 decks)

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