Alimentary 7 Flashcards
When will transmissible gastroenteritis affect pigs, and what is the etiologic agent?
less than 2 wks old.
Enteric coronavirus
Whats the gross lesion for TGE
the SI are dilated and thin walled and contain yellow fluid and gas. The perineum is stained with YELLOW feces
Pathogenesis of TGE
Virus targets enterocytes causing blunting and fusion of the villi.
Villous atrophy leads to severe malabsorptive diarrhea and dehydration
Hemorrhagic diarrhea and fibrinonecrotic pseudomembranous tryplocolitis–pigs
etiologic agent
Swine Dysentery
Brachyspira hydysenteriae–produces a cytotoxic HEMOLYSIN
What is the pathogenesis for Porcine Proliferative Enteritis, etiologic agent
Lawsonian intracellularis
Invasion into cryptal enterocytes leading to proliferation of the crypt epithelial cells and thickening of the mucosa. The luminal epith of gut may become eroded and multifocally ulcerated.
tortuous hyperplastic
What kind of pigs does procine proliferative enteritis affect, and how can you diag?
Growing-finishing, greater than 4 wks old. and young breeding pigs.
Comma shaped organism in crypt epith-silver stains
What disease is caused by E coli in swine? What is the toxin name and what else is it called, and when does it effect pigs?
Edema Dz of Swine.
aka Entertoxemic colibacillosis.
Verotoxin
Post weaning pigs 6-14 wks-during dietary changes
How does edema dz of swine kill them?
The verotoxin in the SI is spread hematogenously throughout the body by neuts to cause toxemia and systemic dz.
*Verotoxin is an angiotoxin that cuases GENERALIZED ENDOTHELIAL DAMAGE within arteris and arterioles resulting in fluid loss and EDEMA.
Where will you find the edem in edema dz of swine
Gastric submucosa eyelids forehead gallbladder mesentery of the spiral colon
CS dog: watery hemorrhagic diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia, pyrexia, leukopenia
parvovirus enteritis 2
Cat: early lesions include bone marrow depletion, lymphoid depletion, and thymic involution.
later lesions: segmental enteritis with flaccid, reddened intestines.
Feline panleukopenia
feline parvovirus
feline infectious enteritis
cerebellar hypoplasia
CS of dog: Soft stool, sometimes with and mucus and blood. dogs younger than 2. gross lesions: raised ulcerative nodules in the colon and rectum.
Histiocytic ulcerative colitis
What can you see histologically with histiocytic ulcerative coliits?
ulceration and infiltration of the lamina propria and submucosa by macrophages
they contain PAS positive material which represents digested bacteria and cellular debri.
What is the etiologic agent in cats that causes chronic large bowel diarrhea
could be Tritrichomonas foetus-colonizing the colon.
Normally in cattle. “farm cats”
What is a pathogen that can be fatal in puppies and immunocompromised dogs, potentially zoonotic, and cause cause hemorrhagic enteritis and bacteremia
Citrobacter freundii enteritis
Neorickettsia helminthoaeca cuases?
Gross lesion?
Salmon poisoning in dogs and foxes.
Splenomegaly, granulomatous mesenteric lymphadenitis, hemorrhagic enteritis
What breeds should you look out for IBD
Diagnosis?
Basenji, GS
CS, response to therapy (steroids), intestinal biopsy
what is IBD characterized by and what can severe cases lead to?
histologically by infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils into the lamina propria.
severe cases: villous atrophy, malabsorptive diarrhea, and PLE-weight loss
What can prelude intestinal lymphoma
IBD
Who does diffuse eosinophilic gastroenteritis occur in
all breeds of cats and dogs but GS are predisposed
What is a heritable condition in irish setters
Wheat sensitive gsatroenteritis
What are your DDx for hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in sm animals?
Parvo
Clostridium, yersinia, campy
gastric ulcers
parasites (trichuris, ancylostoma, uncinaria)
neoplasia
bleeding diathesis/coagulapathy, thrombocytopenia
What types of malabsorptive dz are in sm animals?
Luminal: EPI, SIBO
Mucosal: Infiltrative, villous atrophy, BBE def
Postmucosal: Lymphangiectasia, portal hypertension, vasculopathy
What are your portals of entry for the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?
Traumatic rupture
Penetrating injury
Neoplasia
Organ rupture from trauma or neoplasia
What organ is prone to rupture when infiltrated by fat or amyloid?
Liver
What is a response to injury of the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?
Ascites
What are the 4 main categories of fat necrosis, and what are their aka’s?
Nutrition fat necrosis (steatitis, yellow fat dz)
Pancreatic fat necrosis. aka, enzymatic fat necrosis
Traumatic fat necrosis
idiopathic fat necrosis
Which fat necrosis is initiated by the release of lipase during an episode of pancreatiitis? and what happens during this?
Pancreatic fat necrosis
Lipase converts triglycerides into FA and glycerol. the FA combine with calcium to form soaps and calky white deposits.
Painful
Which fat necrosis occurs in all mammals. can be mild for focal. can cause entrapment and obstruction of intestines. etiology unknown
Idiopathic fat necrosis
Which fat necrosis is caused by direct trauma, usually blunt, to adipose tissue of the abdomen. Where else can it occur?
Traumatic
subcutis/panniculus
Fat necrosis that is caused by diets rich in fats, and low Vit E is?
nutritional fat necrosis
What is caused by a mutated enteric coronavirus of high virulence that leads to a systemic infectio that can affect all organs systems including the CNS?
FIP
What happens to the endothelial cells in FIP
they become activated with overexpression of MHC II leading to monocyte depends widespread Vasculitis
What form of FIP is characterized by multifocal vasocentric pyogranulomas and fibrinous peritonitis with abundant high protein effusions due to vascular injury
Wet
What are the histological lesions of FIP
multifocal vasocentric pyogranulomatous inflammation and vasculitis in multiple tissues.
What dz in pigs is characterized by systemic bacterial infection resulting in combinations of intestinal serositis, peritonitis, pleuritis, pericarditis, arthritis and leptomeningitis with mortality being high
Glassers dz
haemophilus parasuis
aka porcine polyserositis
Neoplasms of the peritoneum, omentum and mesentery are rare or common?
uncommon
What are your types of neoplasias of peritoneum, omentum and mesentery?
Mesenteric lipomas
mesotheliomas
carcinomatosis
Who are mesenteric lipomas common in?
Older Horses
can become pedunculated with entrapment of intestine leading to a strangulating lipoma
