Hepatobiliary 3 Flashcards
When do you most commonly see acute multifocal hepatocellular necrosis?
Viral hepatitis
Herpes, adeno, rift valley fever, wesselsbron, FIP, porcine circovirus2
Who do you see liver abscessations in?
Neonatal foals, ruminants
and feedlot cattle
What can cause liver abcessation?
Any damage to the GI tract can cause bacterial translocation into the portal circulation which seeds the liver with bacteria
What are some common bacteria that can cause liver abscessation
Corny
Nocardia
Actino
Trueperella
What bacteria causes Tyzzers dz?
Clostridium piliforme
What spp is Tyzzers dz most common in?
Foals
What stain do you need to use to see the bacilli?
Silver stains
What does the lesion of tyzzer dz look like?
Randomly distributed foci of hepatocellular necrosis surrounded by neutrophils and mononuclear cells
Also causes colitis, myocarditis
What causes infectious necrotic hepatitis and bacillary hemoglobinuria
Clostridium
necrotic-novyi
Hemoglobinuria-haemolyticum
What bacteria has some serovars that can cause severe intravascular hemolytic anemia which leads to centrilobular ischemic necrosis and prehepatic icterus?
Leptospirosis
What lesions are characterized by randomly distrubed foci of inflammation and necrosis with intralesional tachyzoites and bradyzoites
Toxoplasmosis
Neosporosis
What causes randomly distrubuted foci of inflammation and necrosis with intralesional yeast?
Fungal infections
Bastomyces, coccidiodes, histo, crypto, aspergillus
Nematodes can cause what? and how does the liver look?
Scarring fibrosis from migration
Milk spotted liver
What is a major nematode in pigs?
Ascaris suum
What cestode encysted larvae develop within the liver?
Taenia
What cestode parasitize carnivores and is zoonotic?
Echinoccocus granulosus
Fasciola hepatica effects what animals? What part of the liver do they inhabit, causing what?
Sheep and cattle
Biliary system-causing chronic fibrosing cholangitis with cholestasis
Fasciola hepatica can predispose animals to what?
Secondary clostridial spore proliferation.
Where does fascioloides magna inhabit in aberrant hosts?
Hepatic parenchyma-more extensive hepatic injury and necrosis with eventual death
Canine schistosomiasis, also called?
Who is the DH?
Where do the worms reside?
Heterobilharzia americana
Racoon
Mesenteric veins and release ova which become lodged in tissues and cause severe granulomatous inflammation of the liver, pancreas, intestines, and mesentery
What is the most common response to hepatoxic injury?
Centrilobar necrosis
What are some hepatotoxic agents?
Blue-green algae
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants
aflatoxin
poisonous mushrooms
chemicals
metals
drugs
What is it in the blue green algae that is toxic? When can this occur?
Cyanobacteria
Algae blooms in late summer–accumulation of algae toxins-microcystin
Lesion of blue-green algae tox?
Hemorrhagic gasteroenteritis and a red swollen necrohemorrhagic liver with:
Massive lobular necrosis leading to acute liver failure
When will you see pyrrolizidine alkaloid tox? Who is most susceptible?
During drought conditions when there isn’t as much to eat. Also from chronic long term intoxications
Pigs
What do the lesions from pyrrolizidine tox look like?
Diffuse hepatic fibrosis and biliary hyperplasia with variable nodular regneration
What is converted by hepatic cytochrome p450 enzymes into toxic reactive intermediates?
Aflatoxins
What does the lesion look like for aflatoxicosis?
Centrilobular to massive hepatocellular necrosis with steatosis and biliary hyperplasia
Chronic Alfatoxicosis can lead to what?
Hepatocellular carcinoma
What is characterized by severe centrilobar to massive hepatocellular necrosis by the cyclopeptide toxin?
Poisonous mushroom toxicity
What is the poisonous mushroom we talked about?
Death cap
Amanita phalloides
White phosphorous causes what? What was this in?
Periportal necrosis
Rodenticide
This site of injury is usualyl necrosis due to the cytochrome p450 enzyme activity which is require for the formation of reactive toxic metabolites, what is the reason for this?
Drugs
What spp is susceptible to drug hepatotoxicity? Why?
Cats
They can’t glucuronidate
What are some suspected causes of idiosyncratic hepatoxicity?
Inherited or spontaneous genetic enzyme deficiency
Atypical immune reactions to drug metabolites
