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Pathology > Hepatobiliary 2 > Flashcards

Hepatobiliary 2 Flashcards

1
Q

4 Circulatory Disorders?

A

Passive congestion

Congenital portosystemic shunt

Congenital portal vein hypoplasia

Portal hypertension with acquired vascular shunts

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2
Q

What produces elevated pressure in the caudal vena cava that extends to the hepatic veins and its tributaries

A

Right sided heart failure

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3
Q

High pressure in the hepatic vein leads to ______ of sinusoids

A

Centrilobar congestion

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4
Q

Chronic hypoxi injury also leads to??

A

Steatosis

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5
Q

All of the combined changes of passive congestion results in an accentuated lobular pattern which is termed?

A

Enhanced reticular pattern

Nutmeg Liver

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6
Q

Passive congestion results in the liver grossly looking like?

A

Enlarged, with rounded edges

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7
Q

What is an abnormal vascular structure that allows portal blood to bypass the liver and drain directly into the systemic circulation

A

PSS

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8
Q

What CS do animals have with cPSS

A

stunted growth

may develop signs of hepatic encephalopathy

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9
Q

Grossly, how does the liver look with CPSS

A

microhepatica

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10
Q

What crystals do PSS patients have? and why?

A

Ammonium Biurates

They have abnormal ammonia metabolism

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11
Q

What 6 things might you see with a patient that has a PSS

A

hyperammonemia

Decreased UN

Increased fasting and postprandial bile acids

Hypocholesterolemia

Hypoalbuminemia

Possible mildly elevated ALT

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12
Q

What are your 2 types of PSS

A

Intrahepatic

Extrahepatic

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13
Q

What are the differences between intra/extra hepatic shunts?

A

Intra: failure of closure of the ductus venosus, large breeds

Extra: Portal vein to caudal vena cava anastomosis OR to azygous vein.. Small breeds

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14
Q

Whats another condition where animals typically have microhepatica and ascites and are indistinguisable from PSS?

What breeds has suspected inheritance?

A

Congenital Portal vein HypOplasia

Small breeds:
Yorkies, Maltese, Cairn terriers, Tibetan spaniels, Shih-tzues, Havanese

small breeds for small veins

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15
Q

Most causes of portal hypertension are?

A

Intrahepatic: Fibrosis, hepatocellular swelling, regeneration

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16
Q

What can lead to ascites and development of acquired portosystemic shunts?

A

Portal Hypertension

17
Q

When does lipidosis occur?

A

When hepatocyte triglyceride accumulation exceeds the rate of lipoprotein release

18
Q

When can hepatocellular lipidosis occur? 5

A

Excessive dietary intake of fats/carbs

Increased mobilization of body fat-DM, Starvation, etc

Hypoxia or mitochondrial damage

Increased glucose and insulin

Impaired secretion of lipoprotein from the liver due to secretory defects produced by hepatotoxins or drugs

19
Q

What other condition can cause a nutmeg liver?

A

Fatty Liver

20
Q

What condition is specific to dogs characterized by hepatocellular glycogen accumulation secondary to excess glucocorticoids?

A

Canine-steroid induced hepatopathy

21
Q

What causes the liver, grossly, to look enlarged with rounded edges, firable, and pale?

A

Hepatic amyloidosis

22
Q

Where does the amyloid deposit within the liver?

A

Space of Disse

Portal tracts

w/i and around blood vessels

23
Q

What chemical leads to the production of reactive oxygen and causes oxidative injury to mitochondria and cellular membranes?

A

Copper

24
Q

What spp is this common in? and what exacerbates is?

A

Sheep

Low dietary molybdenum and sulfur

25
Q

Chronic copper accumulation in the liver precedes rapid release of copper into blood resulting in????

What can trigger this?

A

Hemolysis

Stress or illness

26
Q

Can dogs and cats get copper associated haptopathy, and if they can, what breeds?

A

Cats-no

Dogs-Yes. Bedlington terriers, Labs.

27
Q

Hemochromatosis is also called?

A

Iron storage dz

28
Q

In what spp is iron storage dz inherited?

A 
Ppl
Mynah birds, 
Toucans
Salers cattle
Horses
29
Q

What dye do you use to see iron?

A

Prussian blue

30
Q

When will bile acumulate in the liver? What does it cause?

A

Cholestatic dz

Hepatocellular injury

31
Q

Lysosomal Storage dz leads to?

What stage of life do you see this in?

A

Accumulation of substances w/i lysosomes which results in cytoplasmic swelling and vacuolization of hepatocytes, macrophages, neurons, and other cells types

Young animals

Pathology (20 decks)

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