Alimentary 5 - Intestinal Pathogens Flashcards
Yellowish watery diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, lethargy, depression
Typically occurs around time of weaning, so when for diary calves and when for piglets?
Rotavirus
Calves-1st wk
Piglets 7 wks
Where does Rotavirus infect in the body?
Enterocytes of the upper 2/3 of the intestinal villus
What is the primary cause of diarrhea in a Rotavirus infection
Malabsorption due to enterocyte death and shortening of the affected villi
What is similar to rotavirus but is more virulent causing a longer and more severe dz w/high mortality than rota
Corona
Whats a very important coronavirus disease in swine production?
Transmissible gastroenteritis
What virus causes subclinical respiratory dz and clinically significant enteric dz?
Adenovirus
Enterotoxic Colibacillosis most commonly affects who?
Calves and piglets form 2d - 3wks
What causes Edema Dz in pigs?
Enterotoxic Colibacillosis
Whats the pathogenesis behind enterotoxic cholibacillosis?
ETEC use fimbriae to adhere to intestinal mucosa and secrete enterotoxins
They stimulate cAMP and cGMP pathways within the enterocytes leading to Cl secretion; water and sodium ions follow leading to diarrhea
What are your 3 dz E coli can cause?
Enterotoxigenic
Enterohemorrhagic
Enteropathogenic
Whats the pathogenesis behind enteropathogenic?
“Attaching and Effacing Ecoli”
Enterocyte BB is disrupted by AEEC. The loss of the BB leads to villous atrophy and diarrhea due to malabsorption
AEEC alters tight junction proteins btw enterocytes resulting in leakages of fluids into the lumen of the gut
Which E Coli has a shiga-like toxin aka verotoxin?
Enterohemorrhagic E coli
What bacteria is an important zoonotic pathogen that dogs and cats rarely suffer from, but 10% are carriers transmitting to humans?
What are the 3 forms of the dz?
Salmonellosis
Peracute
Acute
Chronic
Which form of salmonella can cause endotoxin mediated endothelial damage that leads to thrombosis, vascular fibrinoid necrosis, DIC, septic shock and death?
Peracute
Who does acute enteric salmonellosis effect?
Horses, cattle and pigs
What does the gross lesion of acute enteric salmonellosis look like?
Diffuse catarrhal enteritis with fibrinonecrotic ileotyphlocolitis
Fibrinous cholecystits at necropsy is strongly suggestive for what dz? and what spp?
Acute enteric salmonellosis
Calves
What dz causes characteristic lesions observed in the pig that are termed button ulcers?
Chronic enteric salmonellosis
What is another lesion of Chronic enteric salmonellosis?
Rectal stricture caused by vascular thrombosis of the cranial hemorrhoidal artery and infarction of the rectum with fibrosis and stricture
What is the only G - Clostridium?
Piliforme
Is clostridium perfringes contagious?
Is it anerobic or aerobic?
No
its acquired from the environment or GI tract
Anaerobic
Clostridial perfringes dz 2 categories?
Localized effect
Systemic effect
What do the gross lesions for clostridium perf. look like?
Diffuse hemorrhagic enteritis with the entire serosal and mucosal layers becoming dark red and sometimes emphysematous
What are the different kinds of toxins clostridium perf produces?
Alpha
Beta
Epsilon
Iota
Which type of Clostridium is most common that causes a milder enterocolitis.
Numerous Dz and lots of spp?
perf Type A
This type of Clost. produces alpha, beta, and epsilon toxins.
perf Type B
This Clost. causes more severe often fatal dz of the very young such as?
perf B
lamb dysentery
Hemorrhagic enteritis of neonatal calves and foals
This type of Clost only produces alpha and beta
perf A+B=C
What type of Clost can cause dz in adults which is known as Struck?
perf Type C
This type of Clost causes dz of adult sheep, goats, and feedlot cattle. Observed in the winter and early spring and is characterized by hemorrhagic enteritis with ulceration of the SI mucosa
perf C
This type produces Alpha and epsilon toxins
perf D
This type Clost affects fattening sheep, goats, and calves and is often diet related.
Aka overeating dz
perf D
Why can overeating lead to Type D Clost infections?
High carb load leads to overgrowth of Clos and accumulation of toxins which are absorbed systemically.
What happens with systemic toxicity with Clost D infections?
Endothelial damage leading to multisystemic hemorrhages.
Whats the etiologic agent of Equine Acute clostridial tyhplocolitis?
Clost difficile
Whats the etiologic agent behind Tyzzers dz?
Clost piliforme
What animals is Tyzzers dz common in?
Rodents
Rabbits
Foals
Path/ Lesion of Tyzzers dz in foals?
After translocation from the GI, it targets the liver with
Multifocal necrotizing hepatitis with abundant intracellular bacilli visible with SILVER stains.
What is the cause of proliferative segmental enteropathy?
Lawsonia intracellularis
Whats the pathogenesis with lawsoniasis?
Bact invades into cryptal enterocytes leading to proliferation of the crypt epithelial cells and thickening of the mucosa
What is a common diarrheal dz of growing-finishing and young breeding pigs characterized by hyperplasia and inflammation of the ileum and colon.
Porcine proliferative enteritis
Whats a zoonotic infection from asymptomatic poultry and swine? Usually causes food poisoning?
Campylobacteriosis
What bacteria gain entry into the bloodstream after invading from the intestinal lumen through the M CELLS?
Yersinia
What causes widespread lymphoid necrosis in the intestine with microabscesses and granulomas in the lamina propria and crypts?
Yersiniosis
What causes chronic wasting dz w/granulomatous enteritis and lymphandenitis with thickening of the intestine?
Mycobacterium avium sspp paratuberculosis
What is a common neoplasm in dogs, and esp in cats
Alimentary lymphoma
