Alimentary 2 - Teeth, Tonsils, Tongue, Esophagus

Question 1

Whats a malocclusion?

Answer 1

Congenital malformation of the mandible/maxilla

a failure of the upper and lower incisors to oppose due to abnormal jaw conformation

Question 2

Whats the Dr word for underbite?

Answer 2

Prognathism

Question 3

Whats the Dr word for overbite?

Answer 3

Brachygnathism

Question 4

What animals do you need to worry about malocclusions in?

Answer 4

Brachycephalics and

Hypsodont animals–rabbits and rodents, horses

Question 5

Whats the dr word for a tooth that fails to develop

No Teeth

Too few teeth

Extra tooth

Result from a Dental dysgenesis

Answer 5

Tooth Agenesis

Anodontia

Oligodontia

Supernumerary tooth

Dentigerous cyst

Question 6

What can Canine distemper cause in the mouth?

What age?

Answer 6

Segmental enamel hypoplasia

disruption of enamel production

infection must occur before enamel formation is completed, so before 6 mons

Question 7

What is feline external resorptive neck lesions cause by?

Answer 7

Odontoclastic resorption of cementum at the neck area and root?

Question 8

Whats another name for Feline External Resorptive Neck Lesions

Answer 8

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions

Question 9

What is the most common teeth dz in carnivores and humans?

Answer 9

Periodontal dz

Question 10

What are layers of organic matrix, food particles, mineral, and bacteria called?

Answer 10

Dental plaques

Question 11

What do plaques lead to?

Answer 11

Atrophy and inflammation of adjacent gingiva

Question 12

Whats the pathogenesis of periodontal dz?

Answer 12

Bacteria produce acids, enzymes, and toxins that damage the enamel substrate (cavities) and destroy adjacent gingiva (gingivitis) and the periodontal ligament

Question 13

Damage to what can lead to loosening of the tooth and eventual tooth loss?

What is this called?

Answer 13

Periodontal ligament

Periodontal dz

Question 14

Plaque formation and inflammation begins at the gingival crevice which leads to formation of?

Answer 14

Periodontal pockets

Question 15

What can bacterial infection of the tooth root cause?

Answer 15

alveolar osteomyelitis

pulpitis

apical tooth root abcess

bacteremia

Question 16

What is infundibular impaction?

Answer 16

feed impaction into the infundibular cup which encourages bacterial growth which then causes production of acid and demineralization?

Question 17

What animal is infundibular impaction important in

Answer 17

ruminants

Question 18

Damage to the infundibulum can lead to?

Answer 18

Exposure and infection of the pulp cavity

this can lead to tooth root abscess and fistulous tracts that may rupture into the paranasal sinuses

Question 19

What is POF?

Answer 19

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma

Question 20

What is a common BENIGN dental tumor of dogs?

Answer 20

POF

Question 21

What is a nonspecifc term often used clinically that designates a benign growth of the gingiva?

Answer 21

Epulis

Question 22

Where does POF arise from?

Answer 22

peridontal ligament AND dental mesenchyme which contains mineralized areas and epithelial rests

Question 23

What neoplasia forms a firm, descrete gingival mass?

Prognosis?

Answer 23

POF

good prognosis-surgery is usually curative

Question 24

What dental neoplasia is common in dogs, especially older dogs?

prognosis?

Answer 24

ameloblastoma

good with complete surgical excision

Question 25

Where does ameloblastomas arise from?

Answer 25

Dental lamina

Question 26

Do ameloblastomas tend to be small tumors that are highly invasive and locally destructive and osteolytic?

Answer 26

NO they are LARGE tumors that are SLOWLY invasive and locally destructive and osteolytic

Question 27

What is a rare tumor that is most common in puppies and foals?

Answer 27

odontoma

Question 28

Where do odontoma's originate from?

Answer 28

Enamel, and typically contain well differentiated dentin, enamel, ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental pulp

Question 29

Whats a hamartoma?

Answer 29

Normal dental tissue that has grown in an irregular way

Question 30

What 2 viruses can cause sialadenitis? and what is it?

Answer 30

rabies distemper sialadacryoadentitis--common in rats Inflammation of the salivary gland/duct

Question 31

What is ranula?

Answer 31

Salivary mucocele | cystic saliva filled distention of the salivary duct

Question 32

Where will you see ranula?

Answer 32

The floor of the mouth along side the tongue

Question 33

What are 3 developmental anomlies of the tongue?

Answer 33

Microglossia/macroglossia Bifid tongue (snake tongue) Ventral ankyloglossia (fusion of the tongue to the mouth floor)

Question 34

What bacteria causes wooden tongue?

Answer 34

Actinobacillus lignieresii

Question 35

What causes chronic granulomatous glossitis with fibrosis that leads to tongue enlargement and reduced lingual mobility?

Answer 35

Actinobacillosis

Question 36

Whats a fungal yeast infection that most commonly affects the tongue, oral cavity, and esophagus. Usually secondary to an underlying immunosuppresive condition

Answer 36

Thrush "Candidiasis"

Question 37

What is the fungus responsible for Thrush?

Answer 37

Candida albicans

Question 38

When else can an animal develop thrush?

Answer 38

during Ab tx-they can eliminate the normal flora

Question 39

What did we learn about in the last section that you can see evidence of in the mouth?

Answer 39

Uremic syndrome- | ulcerative glossitis

Question 40

What is achalasia?

Answer 40

Congenital neurogenic disorder causing REDUCED ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY

Question 41

If you have an animal that is either dysphagic, gagging, choking, regurgitating, or has aspirate pneumonia. what should be on your ddx?

Answer 41

Achalasia

Question 42

Who does achalasia occur in?

Answer 42

YOUNG small breed dogs, terriers, spaniels, and min poodles

Question 43

What is a dilation of the esophagus due to insufficient, absent, or uncontrolled peristalsis?

Answer 43

Megaesophagus

Question 44

What are some potential causes for a megaesophagus?

Answer 44

Congenital or acquired Idiopathic. ``` Innervation/denervation disorders: Idiopathic peripheral neuropathies vagal indigestion myasthenia gravis hypOthyroidism lead and thallium tox ``` FB, trauma, scarring Inflammatory Conditions PRAA

Question 45

What is a protrusion of the abdominal esophagus and cardia of the stomach through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity called?

Answer 45

Hiatal Hernia

Question 46

If an animal has intermittent regurgitation or gastroesophageal intussusception, what is on your ddx?

Answer 46

Hiatal hernia

Question 47

What is a parasite that can affect the esophagus?

Answer 47

Spirocerca lupi

Question 48

What CS will you see with a spirocerca lupi infection?

Answer 48

Subclinical Dysphagia aortic aneurysm hemothorax RARELY a fibrosarcoma

Question 49

What is it called when you have thickening of the distal esophagus sm m in the horse and rarely in pigs could cause impaction, obstruction and choke

Answer 49

Equine Idiopathic Esophageal Muscular Hypertrophy

Question 50

What esophageal dz could predispose to esophageal SCC?

Answer 50

Acid reflux

Question 51

Whats it called in equine medicine when you have an esophageal obstruction caused by stenosis or blockage?

Answer 51

Esophageal Obstruction and Foreign body aka choke

Question 52

What can happen if you have prolonged choke?

Answer 52

Pressure necrosis which leads to stricture and stenosis during healing

Question 53

Who is predisposed for choke?

Answer 53

Older horses

Question 54

Are esophageal neoplasm common?

Answer 54

NO

Question 55

What are some tumors you might see of the esophagus?

Answer 55

Papilloma/SCC leiomyoma fibrosarcomas lymphoma