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Pathology > Alimentary 2 - Teeth, Tonsils, Tongue, Esophagus > Flashcards

Alimentary 2 - Teeth, Tonsils, Tongue, Esophagus Flashcards

1
Q

Whats a malocclusion?

A

Congenital malformation of the mandible/maxilla

a failure of the upper and lower incisors to oppose due to abnormal jaw conformation

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2
Q

Whats the Dr word for underbite?

A

Prognathism

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3
Q

Whats the Dr word for overbite?

A

Brachygnathism

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4
Q

What animals do you need to worry about malocclusions in?

A

Brachycephalics and

Hypsodont animals–rabbits and rodents, horses

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5
Q

Whats the dr word for a tooth that fails to develop

No Teeth

Too few teeth

Extra tooth

Result from a Dental dysgenesis

A

Tooth Agenesis

Anodontia

Oligodontia

Supernumerary tooth

Dentigerous cyst

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6
Q

What can Canine distemper cause in the mouth?

What age?

A

Segmental enamel hypoplasia

disruption of enamel production

infection must occur before enamel formation is completed, so before 6 mons

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7
Q

What is feline external resorptive neck lesions cause by?

A

Odontoclastic resorption of cementum at the neck area and root?

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8
Q

Whats another name for Feline External Resorptive Neck Lesions

A

Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions

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9
Q

What is the most common teeth dz in carnivores and humans?

A

Periodontal dz

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10
Q

What are layers of organic matrix, food particles, mineral, and bacteria called?

A

Dental plaques

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11
Q

What do plaques lead to?

A

Atrophy and inflammation of adjacent gingiva

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12
Q

Whats the pathogenesis of periodontal dz?

A

Bacteria produce acids, enzymes, and toxins that damage the enamel substrate (cavities) and destroy adjacent gingiva (gingivitis) and the periodontal ligament

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13
Q

Damage to what can lead to loosening of the tooth and eventual tooth loss?

What is this called?

A

Periodontal ligament

Periodontal dz

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14
Q

Plaque formation and inflammation begins at the gingival crevice which leads to formation of?

A

Periodontal pockets

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15
Q

What can bacterial infection of the tooth root cause?

A

alveolar osteomyelitis

pulpitis

apical tooth root abcess

bacteremia

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16
Q

What is infundibular impaction?

A

feed impaction into the infundibular cup which encourages bacterial growth which then causes production of acid and demineralization?

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17
Q

What animal is infundibular impaction important in

A

ruminants

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18
Q

Damage to the infundibulum can lead to?

A

Exposure and infection of the pulp cavity

this can lead to tooth root abscess and fistulous tracts that may rupture into the paranasal sinuses

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19
Q

What is POF?

A

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma

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20
Q

What is a common BENIGN dental tumor of dogs?

A

POF

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21
Q

What is a nonspecifc term often used clinically that designates a benign growth of the gingiva?

A

Epulis

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22
Q

Where does POF arise from?

A

peridontal ligament AND dental mesenchyme which contains mineralized areas and epithelial rests

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23
Q

What neoplasia forms a firm, descrete gingival mass?

Prognosis?

A

POF

good prognosis-surgery is usually curative

24
Q

What dental neoplasia is common in dogs, especially older dogs?

prognosis?

A

ameloblastoma

good with complete surgical excision

25
Q

Where does ameloblastomas arise from?

A

Dental lamina

26
Q

Do ameloblastomas tend to be small tumors that are highly invasive and locally destructive and osteolytic?

A

NO

they are LARGE tumors that are SLOWLY invasive and locally destructive and osteolytic

27
Q

What is a rare tumor that is most common in puppies and foals?

A

odontoma

28
Q

Where do odontoma’s originate from?

A

Enamel, and typically contain well differentiated dentin, enamel, ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental pulp

29
Q

Whats a hamartoma?

A

Normal dental tissue that has grown in an irregular way

30
Q

What 2 viruses can cause sialadenitis?

and what is it?

A

rabies
distemper
sialadacryoadentitis–common in rats

Inflammation of the salivary gland/duct

31
Q

What is ranula?

A

Salivary mucocele

cystic saliva filled distention of the salivary duct

32
Q

Where will you see ranula?

A

The floor of the mouth along side the tongue

33
Q

What are 3 developmental anomlies of the tongue?

A

Microglossia/macroglossia

Bifid tongue (snake tongue)

Ventral ankyloglossia (fusion of the tongue to the mouth floor)

34
Q

What bacteria causes wooden tongue?

A

Actinobacillus lignieresii

35
Q

What causes chronic granulomatous glossitis with fibrosis that leads to tongue enlargement and reduced lingual mobility?

A

Actinobacillosis

36
Q

Whats a fungal yeast infection that most commonly affects the tongue, oral cavity, and esophagus. Usually secondary to an underlying immunosuppresive condition

A

Thrush

“Candidiasis”

37
Q

What is the fungus responsible for Thrush?

A

Candida albicans

38
Q

When else can an animal develop thrush?

A

during Ab tx-they can eliminate the normal flora

39
Q

What did we learn about in the last section that you can see evidence of in the mouth?

A

Uremic syndrome-

ulcerative glossitis

40
Q

What is achalasia?

A

Congenital neurogenic disorder causing REDUCED ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY

41
Q

If you have an animal that is either dysphagic, gagging, choking, regurgitating, or has aspirate pneumonia. what should be on your ddx?

A

Achalasia

42
Q

Who does achalasia occur in?

A

YOUNG small breed dogs, terriers, spaniels, and min poodles

43
Q

What is a dilation of the esophagus due to insufficient, absent, or uncontrolled peristalsis?

A

Megaesophagus

44
Q

What are some potential causes for a megaesophagus?

A

Congenital or acquired
Idiopathic.

Innervation/denervation disorders:
Idiopathic peripheral neuropathies
vagal indigestion
myasthenia gravis
hypOthyroidism
lead and thallium tox

FB, trauma, scarring

Inflammatory Conditions

PRAA

45
Q

What is a protrusion of the abdominal esophagus and cardia of the stomach through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity called?

A

Hiatal Hernia

46
Q

If an animal has intermittent regurgitation or gastroesophageal intussusception, what is on your ddx?

A

Hiatal hernia

47
Q

What is a parasite that can affect the esophagus?

A

Spirocerca lupi

48
Q

What CS will you see with a spirocerca lupi infection?

A

Subclinical

Dysphagia
aortic aneurysm
hemothorax
RARELY a fibrosarcoma

49
Q

What is it called when you have thickening of the distal esophagus sm m

in the horse and rarely in pigs

could cause impaction, obstruction and choke

A

Equine Idiopathic Esophageal Muscular Hypertrophy

50
Q

What esophageal dz could predispose to esophageal SCC?

A

Acid reflux

51
Q

Whats it called in equine medicine when you have an esophageal obstruction caused by stenosis or blockage?

A

Esophageal Obstruction and Foreign body

aka choke

52
Q

What can happen if you have prolonged choke?

A

Pressure necrosis which leads to stricture and stenosis during healing

53
Q

Who is predisposed for choke?

A

Older horses

54
Q

Are esophageal neoplasm common?

A

NO

55
Q

What are some tumors you might see of the esophagus?

A

Papilloma/SCC
leiomyoma
fibrosarcomas
lymphoma

Pathology (20 decks)

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