Alimentary 2 - Teeth, Tonsils, Tongue, Esophagus Flashcards
Whats a malocclusion?
Congenital malformation of the mandible/maxilla
a failure of the upper and lower incisors to oppose due to abnormal jaw conformation
Whats the Dr word for underbite?
Prognathism
Whats the Dr word for overbite?
Brachygnathism
What animals do you need to worry about malocclusions in?
Brachycephalics and
Hypsodont animals–rabbits and rodents, horses
Whats the dr word for a tooth that fails to develop
No Teeth
Too few teeth
Extra tooth
Result from a Dental dysgenesis
Tooth Agenesis
Anodontia
Oligodontia
Supernumerary tooth
Dentigerous cyst
What can Canine distemper cause in the mouth?
What age?
Segmental enamel hypoplasia
disruption of enamel production
infection must occur before enamel formation is completed, so before 6 mons
What is feline external resorptive neck lesions cause by?
Odontoclastic resorption of cementum at the neck area and root?
Whats another name for Feline External Resorptive Neck Lesions
Feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions
What is the most common teeth dz in carnivores and humans?
Periodontal dz
What are layers of organic matrix, food particles, mineral, and bacteria called?
Dental plaques
What do plaques lead to?
Atrophy and inflammation of adjacent gingiva
Whats the pathogenesis of periodontal dz?
Bacteria produce acids, enzymes, and toxins that damage the enamel substrate (cavities) and destroy adjacent gingiva (gingivitis) and the periodontal ligament
Damage to what can lead to loosening of the tooth and eventual tooth loss?
What is this called?
Periodontal ligament
Periodontal dz
Plaque formation and inflammation begins at the gingival crevice which leads to formation of?
Periodontal pockets
What can bacterial infection of the tooth root cause?
alveolar osteomyelitis
pulpitis
apical tooth root abcess
bacteremia
What is infundibular impaction?
feed impaction into the infundibular cup which encourages bacterial growth which then causes production of acid and demineralization?
What animal is infundibular impaction important in
ruminants
Damage to the infundibulum can lead to?
Exposure and infection of the pulp cavity
this can lead to tooth root abscess and fistulous tracts that may rupture into the paranasal sinuses
What is POF?
Peripheral odontogenic fibroma
What is a common BENIGN dental tumor of dogs?
POF
What is a nonspecifc term often used clinically that designates a benign growth of the gingiva?
Epulis
Where does POF arise from?
peridontal ligament AND dental mesenchyme which contains mineralized areas and epithelial rests
What neoplasia forms a firm, descrete gingival mass?
Prognosis?
POF
good prognosis-surgery is usually curative
What dental neoplasia is common in dogs, especially older dogs?
prognosis?
ameloblastoma
good with complete surgical excision
Where does ameloblastomas arise from?
Dental lamina
Do ameloblastomas tend to be small tumors that are highly invasive and locally destructive and osteolytic?
NO
they are LARGE tumors that are SLOWLY invasive and locally destructive and osteolytic
What is a rare tumor that is most common in puppies and foals?
odontoma
Where do odontoma’s originate from?
Enamel, and typically contain well differentiated dentin, enamel, ameloblasts, odontoblasts, and dental pulp
Whats a hamartoma?
Normal dental tissue that has grown in an irregular way
What 2 viruses can cause sialadenitis?
and what is it?
rabies
distemper
sialadacryoadentitis–common in rats
Inflammation of the salivary gland/duct
What is ranula?
Salivary mucocele
cystic saliva filled distention of the salivary duct
Where will you see ranula?
The floor of the mouth along side the tongue
What are 3 developmental anomlies of the tongue?
Microglossia/macroglossia
Bifid tongue (snake tongue)
Ventral ankyloglossia (fusion of the tongue to the mouth floor)
What bacteria causes wooden tongue?
Actinobacillus lignieresii
What causes chronic granulomatous glossitis with fibrosis that leads to tongue enlargement and reduced lingual mobility?
Actinobacillosis
Whats a fungal yeast infection that most commonly affects the tongue, oral cavity, and esophagus. Usually secondary to an underlying immunosuppresive condition
Thrush
“Candidiasis”
What is the fungus responsible for Thrush?
Candida albicans
When else can an animal develop thrush?
during Ab tx-they can eliminate the normal flora
What did we learn about in the last section that you can see evidence of in the mouth?
Uremic syndrome-
ulcerative glossitis
What is achalasia?
Congenital neurogenic disorder causing REDUCED ESOPHAGEAL MOTILITY
If you have an animal that is either dysphagic, gagging, choking, regurgitating, or has aspirate pneumonia. what should be on your ddx?
Achalasia
Who does achalasia occur in?
YOUNG small breed dogs, terriers, spaniels, and min poodles
What is a dilation of the esophagus due to insufficient, absent, or uncontrolled peristalsis?
Megaesophagus
What are some potential causes for a megaesophagus?
Congenital or acquired
Idiopathic.
Innervation/denervation disorders: Idiopathic peripheral neuropathies vagal indigestion myasthenia gravis hypOthyroidism lead and thallium tox
FB, trauma, scarring
Inflammatory Conditions
PRAA
What is a protrusion of the abdominal esophagus and cardia of the stomach through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity called?
Hiatal Hernia
If an animal has intermittent regurgitation or gastroesophageal intussusception, what is on your ddx?
Hiatal hernia
What is a parasite that can affect the esophagus?
Spirocerca lupi
What CS will you see with a spirocerca lupi infection?
Subclinical
Dysphagia
aortic aneurysm
hemothorax
RARELY a fibrosarcoma
What is it called when you have thickening of the distal esophagus sm m
in the horse and rarely in pigs
could cause impaction, obstruction and choke
Equine Idiopathic Esophageal Muscular Hypertrophy
What esophageal dz could predispose to esophageal SCC?
Acid reflux
Whats it called in equine medicine when you have an esophageal obstruction caused by stenosis or blockage?
Esophageal Obstruction and Foreign body
aka choke
What can happen if you have prolonged choke?
Pressure necrosis which leads to stricture and stenosis during healing
Who is predisposed for choke?
Older horses
Are esophageal neoplasm common?
NO
What are some tumors you might see of the esophagus?
Papilloma/SCC
leiomyoma
fibrosarcomas
lymphoma
