urinary Flashcards
What is a UTI
infection in any part of the urinary system
finding of a UTI
cloudy or dark urine
blood urine
pain in pelvic area
burning sensation while urinating
urine with strong odor
increased urgency to urinate
treatment of UTI
drink lots of water
antibiotics
What is glomerulonephritis
acute inflammation of the kidney at the level of the nephron
What is glomerulonephritis usually caused by
strep
finding is glomerulonephritis
sore throat
malaise
headache
flank pain
hypertension
edema
decreased UOP
increased bun and CR
treatment of glomerulonephritis
ABX for strep infection
strict I&O
monitor BP
rest
replace fluid losses
increased protein
decreased sodium
increased carbs
What is nephrotic syndrome
body passes too much protein in urine
what causes nephrotic syndrome
infectin
NSAIDS
cancer
lupus
diabetes
strep
inflammation
signs of nephrotic sydrome
anasarca
blood clots
high cholestrol
proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
edema
hyperlipidemia
What happens in nephrotic syndrome
protein leaks into urine by large holes in glomerulus
what happens with nephrotic syndrome
lack of protein in blood prevents holding onto blood
causes third spacing
fluid collects in the tissue but blood volume is low
wate and sodium are retained
What is pre-renal failure
blood cannot get to kidneys
causes of pre-renal failure
hypotension
hypovolemia
shock
what is intra renal failure
there is damage inside of the kidney
causes of intra-renal failure
glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndromes
nephrotoxic drugs
types of nephrotoxic drugs
contrast
aminoglycosides
what is post-renal failure
something is blocking urine from leaving the kidneys
causes of post renal failure
kidney stone
tumor
urethreal obstruction
enlarged prostate
cause of acute pre-renal failure
heart failure
causes of acute intra-renal failure
nephrotoxic drug
glomerulonphritis
causes of acute post-renal failure
kidney stone
obstruction
Findings of acute renal failure
oliguria
edema
SOB
fatigue
confusion
nausea
lab findings for acute renal failure
increased BUN and CR
metabolic acidosis
anemia
hyperkalemia
hyperphophateemia
hypocalcemia
What causes chronic pre-renal disease
sepsis
what causes chronic intra-renal disease
inflammatory diseases
what causes chronic post-renal disease
BPD
findings in chronic renal disease
anorexia
nausea and vomiting
fatigue
itchy skin
muscle cramps
osteoporosis
lab findings chronic kidney disease
increased BUN and CR
metabolic acidosis
hyperkameia
hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia
treatment for chronic kidney disease
dialysis
What are the 2 types of dialysis
hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis
What do you need to monitor during hemodialysis
causes rapid fluid shift 300-800ml/min
monitor bp
electrolytes
not everyone can tolerate
considerations for a fistula
no bp/sticks in the arm of fistula
palpate a thrill
auscultate a bruit
What color should drainage from peritoneal dialysis be
clear
cloudy indicates an infection
what happens in peritoneal dialysis
dialsate is infused into peritoneal cavity 2000-2500ml
dwells for 6 hours
fluids are drained
what do you do to ensure all diasylate comes off
turn side to side if decreased fluid returns
