urinary

Question 1

What is a UTI

Answer 1

infection in any part of the urinary system

Question 2

finding of a UTI

Answer 2

cloudy or dark urine
blood urine
pain in pelvic area
burning sensation while urinating
urine with strong odor
increased urgency to urinate

Question 3

treatment of UTI

Answer 3

drink lots of water
antibiotics

Question 4

What is glomerulonephritis

Answer 4

acute inflammation of the kidney at the level of the nephron

Question 5

What is glomerulonephritis usually caused by

Answer 5

strep

Question 6

finding is glomerulonephritis

Answer 6

sore throat
malaise
headache
flank pain
hypertension
edema
decreased UOP
increased bun and CR

Question 7

treatment of glomerulonephritis

Answer 7

ABX for strep infection
strict I&O
monitor BP
rest
replace fluid losses
increased protein
decreased sodium
increased carbs

Question 8

What is nephrotic syndrome

Answer 8

body passes too much protein in urine

Question 9

what causes nephrotic syndrome

Answer 9

infectin
NSAIDS
cancer
lupus
diabetes
strep
inflammation

Question 10

signs of nephrotic sydrome

Answer 10

anasarca
blood clots
high cholestrol

proteinuria
hypoalbuminemia
edema
hyperlipidemia

Question 11

What happens in nephrotic syndrome

Answer 11

protein leaks into urine by large holes in glomerulus

Question 12

what happens with nephrotic syndrome

Answer 12

lack of protein in blood prevents holding onto blood
causes third spacing
fluid collects in the tissue but blood volume is low
wate and sodium are retained

Question 13

What is pre-renal failure

Answer 13

blood cannot get to kidneys

Question 14

causes of pre-renal failure

Answer 14

hypotension
hypovolemia
shock

Question 15

what is intra renal failure

Answer 15

there is damage inside of the kidney

Question 16

causes of intra-renal failure

Answer 16

glomerulonephritis
nephrotic syndromes
nephrotoxic drugs

Question 17

types of nephrotoxic drugs

Answer 17

contrast
aminoglycosides

Question 18

what is post-renal failure

Answer 18

something is blocking urine from leaving the kidneys

Question 19

causes of post renal failure

Answer 19

kidney stone
tumor
urethreal obstruction
enlarged prostate

Question 20

cause of acute pre-renal failure

Answer 20

heart failure

Question 21

causes of acute intra-renal failure

Answer 21

nephrotoxic drug
glomerulonphritis

Question 22

causes of acute post-renal failure

Answer 22

kidney stone
obstruction

Question 23

Findings of acute renal failure

Answer 23

oliguria
edema
SOB
fatigue
confusion
nausea

Question 24

lab findings for acute renal failure

Answer 24

increased BUN and CR
metabolic acidosis
anemia
hyperkalemia
hyperphophateemia
hypocalcemia

Question 25

What causes chronic pre-renal disease

Answer 25

sepsis

Question 26

what causes chronic intra-renal disease

Answer 26

inflammatory diseases

Question 27

what causes chronic post-renal disease

Answer 27

BPD

Question 28

findings in chronic renal disease

Answer 28

anorexia
nausea and vomiting
fatigue
itchy skin
muscle cramps
osteoporosis

Question 29

lab findings chronic kidney disease

Answer 29

increased BUN and CR
metabolic acidosis
hyperkameia
hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia

Question 30

treatment for chronic kidney disease

Answer 30

dialysis

Question 31

What are the 2 types of dialysis

Answer 31

hemodialysis
peritoneal dialysis

Question 32

What do you need to monitor during hemodialysis

Answer 32

causes rapid fluid shift 300-800ml/min
monitor bp
electrolytes
not everyone can tolerate

Question 33

considerations for a fistula

Answer 33

no bp/sticks in the arm of fistula
palpate a thrill
auscultate a bruit

Question 34

What color should drainage from peritoneal dialysis be

Answer 34

clear
cloudy indicates an infection

Question 35

what happens in peritoneal dialysis

Answer 35

dialsate is infused into peritoneal cavity 2000-2500ml
dwells for 6 hours
fluids are drained

Question 36

what do you do to ensure all diasylate comes off

Answer 36

turn side to side if decreased fluid returns