respiratory Flashcards
what are high flow oxygen devices
venturi mask
high flow nasal cannula
what are non invasive ventilation option
CPAP
BIPAP
what is CPAP
continuous positive airway pressure
What does CPAP do
delivers air at a single set level that stays constant during sleep
recommended for COPD
what is BIPAP
bilevel positive airway pressure
what does bipap do
two different pressure settings for inhale and exhale
inhale is constant set pressure
exhale is a lower constant set pressure
when is BIPAP used
more complex breathing problems such as central sleep apnea and heart/ lung/ neurons disorders that require additional support
CHF, COPD, parkinsons
Types of invasive ventilation
endotracheal tube
tracheostomy
mechanical ventilation
What causes high pressure alarms
client coughng
gagging
bronchospasm
Ett occlusion
kink in the tubing
increased secretions
thick secretions water in ventilation tube
What causes low pressure alarms
tubing is disconnected
loose connections
leak
extubation
cuffed ETT or trash is deflated
poorly fitting CPAP/BIPAP mask
What are some bronchodilators
Albuterol
theophylline
terbutaline
levosalbutamol
ipratropium
what is albuterol used for
COPD
asthma
considerations for using albuterol
heart disease
diabetes
glaucoma
seizures
causes tachycardia
Uses for terbutaline
rescue relief and maintenance for wheezing, SOB, and coughing caused by asthma
considerations for terbutaline
SE: shakiness, jitteriness, dizziness, drowsiness, sleep disturbances, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, CNS overstimulation
assess, HR, BP, EKG, blood glucose
how is terbutaline administered
orally, SC, or by inhaler every 4-6 hours more SE with oral administration
how do you use an inhaler
hold with mouthpiece down
seal lips tightly around mouth piece
inhale through the mouth slowly
press down on inhaler one time
continue inhaling while medication is dispensed
breath slowly and as deeply as possible
shake prior to use
What does montelukast help
rhinitis acute asthma flair ups
what is guaifenesin
an expectorant
what is acetylcysteine
mucolytic
what is pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine
decongestant
name 2 antitussives
dextromethorphan
codeine
what are some respiratory steroids
betamethasone
dexamethasone
cortisone
methylprednisolone
When are steroids indicated
inflammation
allergy
autoimmune disorders
what do steroids do
suppress inflammation and normal immune response
symptoms of too many steroids
cushings, buffalo hump
side effects of steroids
immunosuppresion
hyperglycemia
osteoporosis
delayed wound healing
list a histamine 1 blocker
diphenhydramine
types of histamine 2 blockers
famotadine
ranitidine
what do histamine 2 blockers do
block production of stomach acid
considerations for diphenhydramine
cns depression
drowsiness
anticholinergic effects
urinary retention
constipation
dry mouth
dry eyes
What is included in COPD
Emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma
what is COPD
lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breath
what is emphysema
destruction of alveoli due to chronic inflammation, decreased surface area of the alveoli
what is chronic bronchitis
chronic inflammation with a productive cost with excessive sputum
what is asthma
respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs causing difficulty in breathing
finding for COPD
Barrel chest
accessory muscle use
congestion
lung sounds
acidotic
hypercarbic
hypoxic
types of accessory muscle use
retractions
nasal flaring
tracheal tug
lung sounds in COPD
diminished
crackles
wheezes
Treatment of COPD
careful oxygen administration
bronchodilators
chest physiotherapy
increased fluid intake
pursed lip breathing to help expire completely
small frequent meals to avoid overdistention of stomach
Asthma triggers
allergens
sports/smoking
temperature change
hazards
microbes
anxiety
asthma assessment
short of breath
unable to speak
cough
increased work of breathing
wheezed prolonged expiration
treatment of acute exacerbation
adrenergic agonist (albuterol)
steroids
theophylline
hydration
mask of o2
anticholinergics
what is status asthmaticus
asthma attack that refractory to treatment
leads to respiratory failure
can progress to death
long term treatment for asthma
inhaled corticosteroids
leukotreine modifiers
theophylline
allergen control
what is pneumonia
inflammation affecting the alveoli
alveoli become filled with pus and liquid
Classifications of pneumonia
viral
bacterial
fungal
chemical aspiratin
aspiration
what can cause viral pneumonia
SRV
adenovirus
influenza
assessment of pneumonia
high fever
cough
tachypnea
crackles
chest pain
work of breathing
treatment of pneumonia
maintain airway
monitor breathing
maintain circulation
chest physiotherapy
antipyretics
analgesia
cough suppressant
expectorants
ABX if bacterial
isolation
what is ards
acute respiratory syndrome
What happens with ARDS
alveoli fill with fluid, gas impaired is exchanged, leads to respiratory acidosis, damage to lungs is irreversible
What causes ARDS
aspirational pneumonia
near drowning
sepsis
trauma
overdose
burns
ARDS assessment findings
diffuse bilateral infiltrates
hypoxemia
symptoms of hypoxemia
pale
cool
dusky
mottled
low spo2
Treatment of ARDS
treat trigger
intubation and mechanical ventilation (high pressures)
prone
prevent barotrauma
What is a pulmonary embolism
blood clot in the lungs
what happens in pulmonary embolism
perfusion is decreased
can lead to right hear failure if untreated
assessment of pulmonary embolism
anxiety
dyspnea
chest pain
rales
diaphoresis
hemoptysis
Treatment of pulmonary embolism
oxygen administration
high fowlers
anticoagulants
thrombolytics
