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Hesi PN > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

what are high flow oxygen devices

A

venturi mask
high flow nasal cannula

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2
Q

what are non invasive ventilation option

A

CPAP
BIPAP

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3
Q

what is CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

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4
Q

What does CPAP do

A

delivers air at a single set level that stays constant during sleep

recommended for COPD

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5
Q

what is BIPAP

A

bilevel positive airway pressure

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6
Q

what does bipap do

A

two different pressure settings for inhale and exhale
inhale is constant set pressure
exhale is a lower constant set pressure

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7
Q

when is BIPAP used

A

more complex breathing problems such as central sleep apnea and heart/ lung/ neurons disorders that require additional support

CHF, COPD, parkinsons

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8
Q

Types of invasive ventilation

A

endotracheal tube
tracheostomy
mechanical ventilation

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9
Q

What causes high pressure alarms

A

client coughng
gagging
bronchospasm
Ett occlusion
kink in the tubing
increased secretions
thick secretions water in ventilation tube

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10
Q

What causes low pressure alarms

A

tubing is disconnected
loose connections
leak
extubation
cuffed ETT or trash is deflated
poorly fitting CPAP/BIPAP mask

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11
Q

What are some bronchodilators

A

Albuterol
theophylline
terbutaline
levosalbutamol
ipratropium

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12
Q

what is albuterol used for

A

COPD
asthma

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13
Q

considerations for using albuterol

A

heart disease
diabetes
glaucoma
seizures
causes tachycardia

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14
Q

Uses for terbutaline

A

rescue relief and maintenance for wheezing, SOB, and coughing caused by asthma

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15
Q

considerations for terbutaline

A

SE: shakiness, jitteriness, dizziness, drowsiness, sleep disturbances, weakness, headache, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, CNS overstimulation
assess, HR, BP, EKG, blood glucose

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16
Q

how is terbutaline administered

A

orally, SC, or by inhaler every 4-6 hours more SE with oral administration

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17
Q

how do you use an inhaler

A

hold with mouthpiece down
seal lips tightly around mouth piece
inhale through the mouth slowly
press down on inhaler one time
continue inhaling while medication is dispensed
breath slowly and as deeply as possible
shake prior to use

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18
Q

What does montelukast help

A

rhinitis acute asthma flair ups

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19
Q

what is guaifenesin

A

an expectorant

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20
Q

what is acetylcysteine

A

mucolytic

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21
Q

what is pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

A

decongestant

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22
Q

name 2 antitussives

A

dextromethorphan
codeine

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23
Q

what are some respiratory steroids

A

betamethasone
dexamethasone
cortisone
methylprednisolone

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24
Q

When are steroids indicated

A

inflammation
allergy
autoimmune disorders

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25
Q

what do steroids do

A

suppress inflammation and normal immune response

26
Q

symptoms of too many steroids

A

cushings, buffalo hump

27
Q

side effects of steroids

A

immunosuppresion
hyperglycemia
osteoporosis
delayed wound healing

28
Q

list a histamine 1 blocker

A

diphenhydramine

29
Q

types of histamine 2 blockers

A

famotadine
ranitidine

30
Q

what do histamine 2 blockers do

A

block production of stomach acid

31
Q

considerations for diphenhydramine

A

cns depression
drowsiness

32
Q

anticholinergic effects

A

urinary retention
constipation
dry mouth
dry eyes

33
Q

What is included in COPD

A

Emphysema
chronic bronchitis
asthma

34
Q

what is COPD

A

lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breath

35
Q

what is emphysema

A

destruction of alveoli due to chronic inflammation, decreased surface area of the alveoli

36
Q

what is chronic bronchitis

A

chronic inflammation with a productive cost with excessive sputum

37
Q

what is asthma

A

respiratory condition marked by spasms in the bronchi of the lungs causing difficulty in breathing

38
Q

finding for COPD

A

Barrel chest
accessory muscle use
congestion
lung sounds
acidotic
hypercarbic
hypoxic

39
Q

types of accessory muscle use

A

retractions
nasal flaring
tracheal tug

40
Q

lung sounds in COPD

A

diminished
crackles
wheezes

41
Q

Treatment of COPD

A

careful oxygen administration
bronchodilators
chest physiotherapy
increased fluid intake
pursed lip breathing to help expire completely
small frequent meals to avoid overdistention of stomach

42
Q

Asthma triggers

A

allergens
sports/smoking
temperature change
hazards
microbes
anxiety

43
Q

asthma assessment

A

short of breath
unable to speak
cough
increased work of breathing
wheezed prolonged expiration

44
Q

treatment of acute exacerbation

A

adrenergic agonist (albuterol)
steroids
theophylline
hydration
mask of o2
anticholinergics

45
Q

what is status asthmaticus

A

asthma attack that refractory to treatment
leads to respiratory failure
can progress to death

46
Q

long term treatment for asthma

A

inhaled corticosteroids
leukotreine modifiers
theophylline
allergen control

47
Q

what is pneumonia

A

inflammation affecting the alveoli
alveoli become filled with pus and liquid

48
Q

Classifications of pneumonia

A

viral
bacterial
fungal
chemical aspiratin
aspiration

49
Q

what can cause viral pneumonia

A

SRV
adenovirus
influenza

50
Q

assessment of pneumonia

A

high fever
cough
tachypnea
crackles
chest pain
work of breathing

51
Q

treatment of pneumonia

A

maintain airway
monitor breathing
maintain circulation
chest physiotherapy
antipyretics
analgesia
cough suppressant
expectorants
ABX if bacterial
isolation

52
Q

what is ards

A

acute respiratory syndrome

53
Q

What happens with ARDS

A

alveoli fill with fluid, gas impaired is exchanged, leads to respiratory acidosis, damage to lungs is irreversible

54
Q

What causes ARDS

A

aspirational pneumonia
near drowning
sepsis
trauma
overdose
burns

55
Q

ARDS assessment findings

A

diffuse bilateral infiltrates
hypoxemia

56
Q

symptoms of hypoxemia

A

pale
cool
dusky
mottled
low spo2

57
Q

Treatment of ARDS

A

treat trigger
intubation and mechanical ventilation (high pressures)
prone
prevent barotrauma

58
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism

A

blood clot in the lungs

59
Q

what happens in pulmonary embolism

A

perfusion is decreased
can lead to right hear failure if untreated

60
Q

assessment of pulmonary embolism

A

anxiety
dyspnea
chest pain
rales
diaphoresis
hemoptysis

61
Q

Treatment of pulmonary embolism

A

oxygen administration
high fowlers
anticoagulants
thrombolytics

Hesi PN (24 decks)

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