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Hesi PN > hematology/infectious disease > Flashcards

hematology/infectious disease Flashcards

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NCLEX-PN® flashcards
1
Q

What is polycythemia vera

A

excessive number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes causing blood to become hyper viscous and perfusion problems

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2
Q

What do you see in people with polycythemia vera

A

dark purple cyanotic appearance
distended veins-causing intense itching
hypertension
thrombosis
poor gas exchange

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3
Q

how do you treat polycythemia vera

A

withdraw whole blood
refuse plasma
anticoagulation
hydration

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4
Q

patient education for polycythemia vera

A

drink at least 3 liters of liquid each day
avoid tight or constrictive clothing
wear gloves when outdoors in temps below 50
contact provider at sign of infection
wear support hose or stalking when up
elevate feet when seated
stop activity with chest pain
use electric shaver
use soft tooth brush
do not floss between teeth
quit smoking

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5
Q

What is anemia

A

reduction in number of erythrocytes

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6
Q

What cause iron deficient anemia

A

iron deficient diet
chronic alcoholism
malabsorption syndromes
partial gastrectomy
rapid metabolic activity (pregnancy, adolescence, infection)

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7
Q

What causes vitamin b12 deficient anemia

A

dietary deficiency
failure to absorb from intestinal tract

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8
Q

what causes failure to absorb vitamin b12

A

partial gastrectomy
pernicious anemia
malabsorption syndromes

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9
Q

What is aplastic anemia

A

body stops producing enough new blood cells
includes exposure to myelotoxic agents

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10
Q

list myelotoxic agents

A

radiation
benzene
chloramphenicol
alkylating agents
antimetabolites
sulfonamides
insecticides

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11
Q

signs of aplastic anemia

A

tachycardia
orthostatic hypotension
dyspnea on exertion
decreased spo2
fatigue
increased need for sleep
pallor
cool
mottled
delayed cap refill
unable to tolerate cold

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12
Q

how do you treat aplastic anemia

A

discontinue causative agents
blood transfusion

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13
Q

how do you administer iron

A

with food
vitamin c helps with absorptions

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14
Q

What is a sickle cell crisis

A

decreased blood flow leading to hypoxia, ischemia and infarction
severe joint pain
sequestration
-blood pools, often in spleen, splenomegaly and tenderness

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15
Q

what can cause a sickle cell exacerbation

A

hypoxia
exercise
high altitude (low oxygen)
fever

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16
Q

signs of a sickle cell crisis

A

pallor
pain
fatigue
arthralgia
chest pain
respiratory distress

17
Q

Treatment of sickle cell crisis

A

IV fluids
blood transfusion
O2
pain management
hydroxyurea

18
Q

what does hydroxyurea do

A

increase production of fetal hemoglobin to reduce crisis

19
Q

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation

A

disorder in which proteins that control blood clotting become overactive

bleeding and clotting at the same time

20
Q

triggers of DIC

A

Blood transfusion
cancer
pancreatits
liver disease
severe tissue injury
pregnancy complication

21
Q

what to watch for in bleeding of DIC

A

ecchymosis
hematomas
hemoptysis
melena
pallor
hematuria

22
Q

signs of clot in heart or lungs

A

chest pain
dyspnea
SOB

23
Q

signs of clots in legs

A

pain
redness
warmth
swelling

24
Q

signs of clotsBrain

A

headache
speech changes
paralysis
dizziness

25
Q

lab finding in DIC

A

platelet count decreases
fibrinogen decreases
INR increases
PTT increases
D-dimer increases

26
Q

Treatment of DIC

A

determine underlying cause and treat
administer clotting factors
administer platelets
bleeding precautions

27
Q

What is required PPE for contact precautions

A

wash hands
gloves
gown
dedicated equipment

28
Q

infections requiring contact precautions

A

MRSA
VRE
noroviruses
rotavirus
conjunctivitis
diphtheria (cutaneous)
herpes
muman metapneumovirus
pediculosis
scabies
poliomyelitis
staph

29
Q

What is required with droplet precautions

A

hand wash
face mask
goggles

30
Q

what infections require droplet precautions

A

flue
pertussis
mumps
rhinovirus
adenovirus
meningitis
street
rubella
epiglottitis
parvo
diphtheria pharyngeal

31
Q

What is required with airborne precautions

A

clean hands
n-95
keep door closed

32
Q

what infections require airborne precautions

A

TB
rubeola virus (measles)
varicella
sars
smallpox

33
Q

What is sepsis

A

systemic inflammatory reaction to an infections

34
Q

Signs of sepsis

A

elevated lactic acid
metabolic acidosis
leugocytosis
hypotension
tachypnea
tachycardia
febrile

35
Q

treatment of spesis

A

blood cultures first
broad spectrum IV ABX
IV fluids
vasopressors

Hesi PN (24 decks)

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