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Hesi PN > pediatrics > Flashcards

pediatrics Flashcards

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1
Q

normal vitals for preterm

A

hr 120-180
rr 50-70
bp 40-60

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2
Q

vitals for newborn 0-1month

A

hr 100-160
rr 35-55
s bp 50-70

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3
Q

infant 1-12m vitals

A

hr 80-140
rr 30-40
s bp 70-100

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4
Q

vitals for toddler 1-3y

A

hr 80-130
rr 10-30
s bp 70-110

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5
Q

vitals for preschool 3-6y

A

hr 80-110
rr 20-30
s bp 80-110

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6
Q

school age vitals 6-12

A

hr 70-100
rr 18-24
s bp 80-120

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7
Q

adolescent vitals

A

hr 60-90
rr 14-22
s bp 100-120

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8
Q

what chromosomal abnormalities do heart defects usually occur with

A

trisomy 21
trisomy 18
turners syndrome
diverge syndrome

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9
Q

finding with congenital heart defects

A

murmers
tachycardia
diaphoresis
decreased uop
fatigue
pallor
cyanosis
clubbing
hypotension
prolonged cap refill

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10
Q

signs of left sided heart failure

A

tachypnea
dyspnea
grunting
retractions
nasal flaring
cough
wheezing

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11
Q

signs of right sided heart failure

A

weight gain
enlarged liver
edema
ascites
jvd

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12
Q

What is ductus arteriousus

A

opening between pulmonary artery and aorta present in fetal circulation

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13
Q

interventions for ductus arteriousus

A

surgical interventions
repair vs palliation
cardiac assist device
pharmacologic interventions

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14
Q

pharmacology interventions for ductus arteriousus

A

digoxin
ace-inhibitors
diuretics
beta-blockers

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15
Q

What is alprostadil

A

medication that can be administered to keep the PDA open in certain heart defects
allows blood to get out to the body

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16
Q

what is tetralogy of fallot

A

congenital malformation involving four listing heart defects:
pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
VSD
overriding aorta

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17
Q

What are TET spells

A

hypoxia occurring in TOF

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18
Q

what happens during a tet spell

A

begins wit irritability and hyperpnea followed by intense cyanosis leading to syncope
drop in systemic vascular resistance decreasing pulmonary blood flow
right to left shunting more deoxygenated blood out of body

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19
Q

get spell interventions

A

comfort and calm
knee to chest position
supplemental oxygen
morphia-sedation
volume

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20
Q

Treatment of TOF

A

mild can go home until ready for surgery
if critical with severe hypoxia surgery required in neonatal period
ideally repaired around 6m

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21
Q

what is coarctation of the aorta

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a constriction of the descending aorta

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22
Q

upper body finding is coartication of the aorta

A

bounding pulses
hypertensive
warm
pink

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23
Q

findings in lower extremities for cortication of the aorta

A

weak or absent pulses
hypotensive
pale
cool

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24
Q

What is transposition of the great arteries

A

a switch of the aorta and pulmonary artery

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25
Q

What is hypo plastic left heart sydrome

A

disorder including 4 components
mitral stenosis
atresia
aortic stenosis
coarctation
hypo plastic left ventricle

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26
Q

complications of cleft lip

A

feeding difficulties
weight loss
failure to thrive
speech and language delays
hearing issues
ear infections
aspiration

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27
Q

When does surgical correction of cleft lip and palate take place

A

lip 3-6m
palate 6-24m

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28
Q

post of care of cleft lip and palate

A

position upright for feedings
never prone for cleft lip (rip stitches)
protect sutures
elbow restrains to avoid putting things in mouth
no hard foods, straws or pacifiers
no oral or nasal suctioning

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29
Q

how to feed cleft lip and palat

A

specialized bottle
small frequent feedings
upright position
burp frequently
may take longer
monitor for aspiration

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30
Q

What is tracheoesphageal fistula

A

congenital abnormality in which there Is an opening between the trachea and esophagus

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31
Q

what is esophageal atesia

A

part of esophagus does not form

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32
Q

What is pyloric stenosis

A

hypertrophy of the circular muscle fibers of the pylorus wit a severe narrowing of the lumen

33
Q

signs of pyloric stenosis

A

vomiting
dehydration
malnutrition
payable pylorus

34
Q

What is omphalocele

A

abdominal contents protrude through the umbilicus while in peritoneal sack
occurs at 9-10 weeks gestation

35
Q

assessment for omphalocele

A

visible defect
may also have cardiac defects
can affect lung sized

36
Q

complications if omphalocele

A

hypthermia
dehydration
sepsis

37
Q

What is intussusception

A

part of the intestine slips inside the other intestine
occurs where small intestine and large intestine meet

38
Q

assessment finding intussusception

A

red currant jelly stools
cyclical abdominal pain
nausea
vomiting
green, bilious emesis
sausage shaped mass in abdomen

39
Q

Treatment of intussusception

A

enema to push the intestine back out
surgery

40
Q

What is epiglottitis

A

inflammation of epiglottis
restricts airway
haemophilus influenza type b

41
Q

4 d’s of epiglottitis

A

dysphagia
dysphonia
drooling
distress

42
Q

finding of epiglottitis

A

fever
difficulty swallowing
drooling
stridor
tripoding
no cough
change in loc
cherry red epiglottis

43
Q

interventions for epiglottitis

A

iv ABX
humidified O2
intubation and ventilation
keep child calm
no interventions until airway secure
tripod position
avoid supine
HIB vaccine
NPO

44
Q

what do you avoid with epiglottitis

A

irritating the throat
no tongue depressor
no oral thermometer
no assessing throat

45
Q

characteristics of bronchilitis

A

most common under 2y
seasonal illness
usually caused by rev
contagious
worst on days 4-6

46
Q

finding in bronchilitis

A

cough
fever
increased work of breathing
wet lungs
hypoxia
changes in behavior

47
Q

interventions for bronchiolitis

A

o2
fluid and nutrition
antipyretics
analgesics

48
Q

What is cystic fibrosis

A

autosomal recessive disorder
leads to excessive buildup of mucus in airways
leads to airway obstructive

49
Q

respiratory signs of cystic fibrosis

A

excess mucus
frequent respiratory infections
hypoxemia
-clubbing
-cyanosis
-barrel chest

50
Q

gastrointestinal signs of cystic fibrosis

A

intestinal obstruction
meconium ileus
large, bulky frothy, foul smelling stool
fat soluble vitamin deficiency
diabetes

51
Q

integumentary signs of cystic fibrosis

A

salty tasting sweat
elevated chloride in sweat

52
Q

how to promote nutrition and growth in cystic fibrosis

A

high calorie high protein diet
increased fluid intake
monitor serial weights
pancreatic enzymes 30 minutes before every meal and snack
-spinkle capsule on food
-fat soluble vitamin replacement

53
Q

What is eriksons infancy stage

A

trust VS mistrust birth to 18 months

54
Q

what is Piaget 1st cognitive stage

A

sensorimotor birth to two years

55
Q

What happens during sensorimotor development

A

knowledge gain through senses and motor movement
learn through sucking grasping, looking, listening
start to understand cause and effect
object permanence at 9m

56
Q

What is eriksons 2nd stage

A

early childhood
autonomy vs shame and doubt

57
Q

what is eriksons 3rd stage

A

preschool
initiative vs guilt

58
Q

what is eriksons 4th stage

A

school age industry vs inferiority

59
Q

what is eriksons 5th stage

A

adolescence
identify vs role confusion

60
Q

what is erosions 6th stage

A

young adulthood
intimacy vs isolation

61
Q

what is eriksons 7th stage

A

middle adult
generatively vs stagnation

62
Q

what is eriksons 8th stge

A

maturity
ego integrity vs despair

63
Q

what Is Piagets 2nd stage

A

pre operational stage
2-7y

64
Q

what is Piaget 3rd stage

A

concrete operational stage
7-11y

65
Q

what is Piaget last stage

A

formal operational stage
12 and up

66
Q

What can babies do at 3 months

A

make cooing noise
smile
emit disting cries for different needs
recognize familiar voices
express different pleasure vs displeasure sounds

67
Q

What can babies do at six months

A

babble and repeat syllables
creat gurgling sounds
giggle and laugh
notice and recognize words
use voice to express pleasure or displeasure
take turns making sound

68
Q

what can 9 month olds do

A

imitate sounds actions and gestures
recognize own name
shift gaze to objects being talked about
string together longer soudns

69
Q

What can be done at 12 months

A

1-2 or more word sentence
understand words, requests, phrases instructions
answer simple questions nonverbally
recognize words for familiar objects

70
Q

What can be done at 18 months

A

speak with a vocabulary of 18+ words
repeat words overheard
recognize and point to familiar objects
understand simple questions and follow directions
point to body parts when prompted

71
Q

car seat safety points

A

rear facing until 2
use 5 point harness
retainer clip at armpit level
shoulder straps at or below shoulder level

72
Q

safe sleep requirements

A

use firm mattress with tight fitted sheet
put on back to sleep
pacifier may be ued
avoid stiffened animals or blanket

73
Q

What is included in autonomy 18m-3y

A

becoming potty trained
choosing own clothes
dressing self
food choices
allow for independence

74
Q

what is meant by shame and doubt

A

punished for mistakes
doubting the child
when child isn’t allowed to make independent choices
failure in this stage leads to self doubt

75
Q

what happens during pre operational stage

A

think symbolically but not able to use logic
focus on one area of a situation
struggles to see things from other perspectives
use hands on activities and visual aids to help develop

76
Q

What Can a child do at 2

A

use 2 word phrases to talk about things
follow 2 step directions
vocabulary of 50+ words
can be understood by caregiver half the time
uses gestures for pretend play
make animal noises

77
Q

What is meant by initiative

A

planning and accomplishing tasks
allow child to make own choices
set safe boundaries

78
Q

what is meant by guilt

A

judgement
criticism
over dependence on others
failure at this stage leads to a lack of confidence and feeling of gult

Hesi PN (24 decks)

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