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Hesi PN > pharmacology > Flashcards

pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the rights

A

patient
drug
dose
route
time
documentation

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2
Q

sub q sites

A

lateral aspect of lower part of the upper arm
abdoment in the umbilical region
thighs
posterior aspect of upper arm
back
lower loins

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3
Q

angle of of sub 2 injection

A

45

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4
Q

Im sites for adults

A

deltoid
ventrogluteal site
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis

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5
Q

Im infection angle

A

90

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6
Q

intradermal angle

A

10-15q

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7
Q

what drug should asthmatics avoid why

A

beta-blockers
may cause bronchospasm

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8
Q

What drugs should people with hypertension avoid and why

A

NSAIDS
increased blood pressure due to sodium retention

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9
Q

what drugs should people with Parkinson’s avoid and why

A

COX-2 inhibitors
worsening of Parkinson’s symptoms

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10
Q

what drugs should people with respiratory failure avoid and why

A

neuroleptics
respiratory depression

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11
Q

what drugs should people with epilepsy avoid and why

A

reduced seizure threshold

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12
Q

what drugs should people with chronic liver disease avoid and why

A

warfarin
increased sensitivity and bleeding

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13
Q

list anticoagulants

A

heparin
clopdogrel
warfarin
enoxaprin

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14
Q

uses for heparin

A

prevent blood clots
strokes
chronic a-fib
post op

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15
Q

normal and therapeutic aPTT

A

20-35s
1.5-2x normal

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16
Q

how often should aPTT levels be drawn to titrate

A

q4-6hrs

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17
Q

heparin antidote

A

protamine sulfate

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18
Q

side effects of bleeding

A

hematuria
hematemesis
bruising
downtrending H&H

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19
Q

complications of heparin

A

heparin induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis

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20
Q

when does HITT usually occur

A

5-10 days after heparin exposure

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21
Q

when should you expect HITT

A

unexplained platelet drop

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22
Q

clinical manifestations of HITT

A

skin lesions at heparin injection site
fever
chills
dyspnea
chest pain

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23
Q

normal PT

A

10-13s

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24
Q

normal and therapeutic INR

A

normal <1-2
therapeutic 2-3

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25
Q

warfarin antidote

A

vitamin k
contraindicated during pregnancy

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26
Q

anticonvulsants

A

phenytoin
carbamezepine
divalproex
gabapentin
lamotrigine
levetiracetam

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27
Q

Therapeutic level for phenytoin

A

10-20mcg/ml

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28
Q

side effects of phenytoin

A

gingival hyperplasia

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29
Q

nursing considerations phenytoin

A

antacids can reduce effects

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30
Q

short acting antianxiety

A

midazolam
onset:rapid
duration 1-2 hours

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31
Q

intermediate acting antianxiety

A

alprazolam, intermediate, D 6-12hrs
clonazepam, intermediate, d 18-50hrs
lorazepam, rapid iv, intermediate po, 2-6 hrs

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32
Q

long acting antianxiety

A

diazepam, rapid, 20-50 hours

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33
Q

indication for lorazepam

A

anxiety, sedation, seizures

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34
Q

lorazepam nursing consideration

A

avoid alcohol
monitor respiratory depression
antidote flumazenil

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35
Q

types of antipsychotics

A

haloperidol
quetiapine
olanzapine

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36
Q

types of antihistamines

A

diphenhydramine
promethazine
cimetidine
famotidine
ranitidine

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37
Q

nursing considerations for diphenhydramine

A

monitor for drowsiness
anticholinergic effects

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38
Q

Types of ace inhibitors

A

captopril
enalapril
lisinopril

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39
Q

angiotensin 2 receptor blocker

A

lorsartan

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40
Q

calcium channel blockers

A

amlodipine
diltiazem
nifedipine
verapamil

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41
Q

nursing consideration for enalapril

A

discontinue if causes a dry cough
monitor bp
contraindicated in pregnancy

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42
Q

enalapril indications

A

hypertension
chf

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43
Q

Lorsartan indications

A

hypertension
dm neuropathy
CHF

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44
Q

losartan nursing considerations

A

monitor BP
monitor fluid levels
monitor renal and liver status
contraindicated during pregnancy

45
Q

amlodipine indications

A

hypertension
angina

46
Q

nursing considerations for amlodipine

A

avoid grapefruit
monitor BP - orthostatic hypotension
cause gingival hyperplasia

47
Q

beta blockers

A

propranolol
atenolol
metoprolol

48
Q

propranolol indications

A

hypertension
angina
arrhythmias
mi
cardiomyopathy
alcohol withdrawal
anxiety

49
Q

nursing considerations for propranolol

A

do not discontinue abruptly
can mask the signs of hypoglycemia
caution with asthma and cold-bronchospasm

50
Q

antiarrhythmics

A

amiodarone
adenosine
procainamide
atropine

51
Q

adenosine indications

A

SVT

52
Q

adenosine nursing considerations

A

systole after administration
rapid push or won’t work
warn it may feel like they get kicked in the chest
warn family about systole
caution with asthmatics

53
Q

atropine indications

A

excessive secretions
sinus bradycardia
heart block

54
Q

nursing considerations for atropine

A

monitor for urinary retentions and constipation
avoid in patients with glaucoma

55
Q

Cardiac glycoside

A

digoxin

56
Q

digoxin indications

A

heart failure
a-fib
a-flutter
CHF
cariogenic shock

57
Q

signs of digoxin toxicity

A

vision changes
blurred vision
yellow green vision
bradycardia>arrhythmias

58
Q

therapeutic digoxin levels

A

.5-2ng/ml

59
Q

Risk factors for digoxin toxicity

A

hypokalemia
loop diuretics
licorice extract acts like aldosterone (black licorice)
hypomagnesemia
hypercalcemia
eldery

60
Q

classes of anti-infectives

A

ahminoglycosides
fluoroquinolones
macrolides
vanco
penicillins and cephalosporins
antivirals
antifungals

61
Q

an amino glycoside

A

gentamicin

62
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

ciprofloxacin
levofloxacin

63
Q

macrolides

A

erythromycin
azithromycin

64
Q

penicillins and cephalosporins

A

amoxicillin
ampicillin
ancef

65
Q

antifungals

A

amphotericin b
metronidazole
nystatin

66
Q

gentamicin indications

A

gram negative infections

67
Q

nursing considerations for gentamycin

A

monitor for tinnitus
do not administer wit penicillin

68
Q

ciproflaxicin indication

A

infection

69
Q

ciprofloxacin nursing indications

A

can cause qt prolongation
decreases effects of phenytoin

70
Q

vancomycin indications

A

infection,
sepsis

71
Q

nursing considerations for vancomycin

A

monitor for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
red-man syndrome
administer over at least 60 minutes, central line preffed

72
Q

amoxicillin indication

A

infections, skin, respiratory, endocarditis

73
Q

nursing considerations for amoxicilliin

A

monitor for rash
monitor kidney function

74
Q

Rescue meds

A

albuterol
ipratropium

75
Q

long term respiratory meds

A

guaifenesin-expectorant
montelukast-
theophyline

76
Q

albuterol nursing considerations

A

be cautions with heart disease, diabetes, glaucoma or seizures
causes tachycardia

77
Q

loop diuretics

A

bumetanide
furosemide
torsemide

78
Q

potassium sparing diuretics

A

triamterene
amlioride
spirolactone

79
Q

thiazide diuretics

A

chlorothiazide
clorthalidone
hydrochlorothiazide
indapamide

80
Q

uses of loop diuretics

A

increase urinary output, edema, chf, blood pressure management

81
Q

nursing considerations of loop diuretics

A

monitor potassium levels

82
Q

uses for potassium spring diuretics

A

hypertension
edema
swelling hypokalemia

83
Q

nursing considerations for potassium sparing diuretics

A

monitor potassium levels
not as strong as other diuretics, may combine with others

84
Q

uses for thiazide diuretics

A

hypertension, chf

85
Q

nursing considerations for thiazide diuretics

A

monitor electrolyte levels
monitor BP

86
Q

GI medications

A

bisacodyl
lactulose
metoclopramide
ondansetron
omeprazol
pantoprazole

87
Q

ondansetron indications, nursing considerations

A

nausea vomiting
administer slowly
fast push can cause qt prolongation and vt

88
Q

omeprazole indications

A

GERD, ulcers

89
Q

omeprazole nursing considerations

A

administer 30-60 minutes before meal
report black, tarry stools

90
Q

NSAIDS

A

aspirin
ibuprofen
naproxen

91
Q

Acetaminophen max daily dose

A

4g

92
Q

acetaminophen antidote

A

n-acetylcysteine

93
Q

NSAID uses

A

pain, inflammation, fever

94
Q

nursing considerations for NSAIDS

A

can cause prolonged bleeding
can cause peptic ulcers

95
Q

acetylsalicylic acid (asprin) nursing considerations

A

risk of bleeding
reyes syndrome can occur wit viral infections
only use with meds for Kawasaki disease

96
Q

opioids

A

morphine
fentanyl
hydromorphone
methadone
oxycodone

97
Q

morphine nursing considerations

A

CNS depressant
constipation is a side effect
monitor respiratory rate
antidote is naloxone

98
Q

What do tocolytics do

A

slow contractions

99
Q

types of tocolytics

A

terbutaline
magnesium-sulfate
indomethacin
nifedipine

100
Q

what to oxytocin’s do

A

stimulate contractions

101
Q

types of oxytocics

A

oxytocin
ergometrine
misprostol

102
Q

magnesium sulfate indications

A

hypomagnesemia, torsade de point, preeclampsia, preterm labor, seizures, asthma exacerbation

103
Q

nursing considerations for magnesium sulfate

A

monitor for hypermagnesemai
give IV slowly

104
Q

oxytocin indications

A

induction of labor, PPH

105
Q

nursing considerations for oxytocin

A

monitor contractions
monitor fetus
warn mother contractions will be more painful
monitor BP, HR, glucose, and k

106
Q

Steroids

A

betamethasone
dexamethasone
cortisone
fluticasone
methylprednisolone

107
Q

methylprednisolone indications

A

inflammation, allergy, autoimmune disorders

108
Q

nursing considerations of methylpredisolone

A

monitor for cushings
immunosupression
hyperglycermia
osteoporosis
delayed wound healing

Hesi PN (24 decks)

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