Gastrointestin Flashcards
What causes a gastric ulcer
pylori
overuse of NSAIDS
symptoms of gastric ulcer
pain 1-2 hours after a meal
abdominal pain aggravated by eating
vomiting
weight loss
hematemesis if hemorrhage occurs
treatment of gastric ulcer
treat h pylori
reduce stomach acid
-h2 recepto blocker
-proton pump inhibitor
causes of duodenal ulcer
h pylori
overuse of NSAID
symptoms of duodenal ulcer
pain 2-4 hours after meals
food may relive pain
weight gain
Selena if hemorrhage occurs
treatment of duodenal ulcer
treat h pylori
reduce stomach acid
types of H2 receptor blockers
famotidine
cimetidine
nizatidine
what do H2 receptors do? How are they taken?
decrease gastric acid secretion by binding to histamine receptors
take with food
takes 30-90 minutes to start working
types of proton pump inhibitors
omeprazole
lansoprazole
pantoprazole
what do proton pump inhibitors do
block gastric acid secretion by binding to and inhibiting hydrogen potassium ATPase pump
take 30 minutes before first meal of the day
what does sucralfate do
sticks to damaged tissue protecting it
allows healing to take place
take on and empty stomach 2 hours after or 1 hour before food
take at least 30 minutes apart fro antacids
What is ulcerative colitis
inflammation of the large intestines
what is crohns disease
inflammation and erosion of the ileum and anywhere throughout the small and large intestines
signs of ulcerative colitis and chrons
rebound tenderness
cramping
diarrhea
vomiting
dehydration
weightloss
rectal bleeding
bloody stools
anemia fever
Treatment of chroms and ulcerative colitis
low fiber diet
avoid color hot foods
no smoking
antidiarrheals
antibiotics
steroids
ileostomy
colostomy
assessment finding of appendicitis
abdominal pain
nausea
vomiting
decreased appetite
fever
elevated WBC
elevated CRP
Preop appendectomy considerations
no heat, can aggravate or cause rupture
position on right side, low fowlers for comfort
post op appendectomy
IV fluids
IV ABX
pain management
NPO until return of bowel sounds
wound care
number one cause of panreatitis
alcoholism
finding of pancreatitis
pain
abdominal distention
ascites
abdominal mass
rigid abdomen
cullens sign
gray turners sign
fever
nausea
vomiting
jaundie
hypotension
treatment of pancreatitis
NPO
NGT to suction
bed rest
pain management
steroids
GI protectants
monitor I&O
daily weight
no alcohol
HEP a, transmission, prevention and treatment
contaminated food and water
improve hygiene and vaccination
none
heb b, transmission, prevention and treatment
contact with infected body fluids
blood screening, improved hygiene, vaccination
nucleotide analogs
hep c, transmission, prevention and treatment
IV drug use, unsterilized medical
blood screening, sterile needles sanitary health setting
direct-acting antiviral agents
hep d, transmission, prevention and treatment
contact with infected blood and unsafe injections and transfusions
blood screening, sterile needles
interferon
hep E, transmission, prevention and treatment
spread through blood to blood contact and unsafe sex, child birth
improve hygiene food sanitation, safe sex
ribavirin
What is the liver supposed to convert ammonia into
urea
what causes hepatic coma
increased ammonia levels
findings for hepatic coma
altered level of conscoiusness
difficult to awake
hyperrelexia
asterisks
fetor
Treatment of hepatic comma
lactose
cleansing enema
decreased protein
monitor serum ammonia
finding in cirrhosis
firm liver
abdominal pain
dyspepsia
decreased serum albumin
ascites
spenomegaly
increaseaded ALT, AST
Bleeding risk
anemia
treatment of cirrhosis
antacids
vitamins
diuretics
paracentesis
low protien, low sodium diet
strict I&O
daily weight
bleeding precautions
skin care
be careful with narcotics and tylenol
