Gastrointestin Flashcards

1
Q

What causes a gastric ulcer

A

pylori
overuse of NSAIDS

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2
Q

symptoms of gastric ulcer

A

pain 1-2 hours after a meal
abdominal pain aggravated by eating
vomiting
weight loss
hematemesis if hemorrhage occurs

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3
Q

treatment of gastric ulcer

A

treat h pylori
reduce stomach acid
-h2 recepto blocker
-proton pump inhibitor

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4
Q

causes of duodenal ulcer

A

h pylori
overuse of NSAID

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5
Q

symptoms of duodenal ulcer

A

pain 2-4 hours after meals
food may relive pain
weight gain
Selena if hemorrhage occurs

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6
Q

treatment of duodenal ulcer

A

treat h pylori
reduce stomach acid

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7
Q

types of H2 receptor blockers

A

famotidine
cimetidine
nizatidine

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8
Q

what do H2 receptors do? How are they taken?

A

decrease gastric acid secretion by binding to histamine receptors
take with food
takes 30-90 minutes to start working

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9
Q

types of proton pump inhibitors

A

omeprazole
lansoprazole
pantoprazole

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10
Q

what do proton pump inhibitors do

A

block gastric acid secretion by binding to and inhibiting hydrogen potassium ATPase pump
take 30 minutes before first meal of the day

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11
Q

what does sucralfate do

A

sticks to damaged tissue protecting it
allows healing to take place
take on and empty stomach 2 hours after or 1 hour before food
take at least 30 minutes apart fro antacids

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12
Q

What is ulcerative colitis

A

inflammation of the large intestines

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13
Q

what is crohns disease

A

inflammation and erosion of the ileum and anywhere throughout the small and large intestines

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14
Q

signs of ulcerative colitis and chrons

A

rebound tenderness
cramping
diarrhea
vomiting
dehydration
weightloss
rectal bleeding
bloody stools
anemia fever

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15
Q

Treatment of chroms and ulcerative colitis

A

low fiber diet
avoid color hot foods
no smoking
antidiarrheals
antibiotics
steroids
ileostomy
colostomy

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16
Q

assessment finding of appendicitis

A

abdominal pain
nausea
vomiting
decreased appetite
fever
elevated WBC
elevated CRP

17
Q

Preop appendectomy considerations

A

no heat, can aggravate or cause rupture
position on right side, low fowlers for comfort

18
Q

post op appendectomy

A

IV fluids
IV ABX
pain management
NPO until return of bowel sounds
wound care

19
Q

number one cause of panreatitis

A

alcoholism

20
Q

finding of pancreatitis

A

pain
abdominal distention
ascites
abdominal mass
rigid abdomen
cullens sign
gray turners sign
fever
nausea
vomiting
jaundie
hypotension

21
Q

treatment of pancreatitis

A

NPO
NGT to suction
bed rest
pain management
steroids
GI protectants
monitor I&O
daily weight
no alcohol

22
Q

HEP a, transmission, prevention and treatment

A

contaminated food and water
improve hygiene and vaccination
none

23
Q

heb b, transmission, prevention and treatment

A

contact with infected body fluids
blood screening, improved hygiene, vaccination
nucleotide analogs

24
Q

hep c, transmission, prevention and treatment

A

IV drug use, unsterilized medical
blood screening, sterile needles sanitary health setting
direct-acting antiviral agents

25
hep d, transmission, prevention and treatment
contact with infected blood and unsafe injections and transfusions blood screening, sterile needles interferon
26
hep E, transmission, prevention and treatment
spread through blood to blood contact and unsafe sex, child birth improve hygiene food sanitation, safe sex ribavirin
27
What is the liver supposed to convert ammonia into
urea
28
what causes hepatic coma
increased ammonia levels
29
findings for hepatic coma
altered level of conscoiusness difficult to awake hyperrelexia asterisks fetor
30
Treatment of hepatic comma
lactose cleansing enema decreased protein monitor serum ammonia
31
finding in cirrhosis
firm liver abdominal pain dyspepsia decreased serum albumin ascites spenomegaly increaseaded ALT, AST Bleeding risk anemia
32
treatment of cirrhosis
antacids vitamins diuretics paracentesis low protien, low sodium diet strict I&O daily weight bleeding precautions skin care be careful with narcotics and tylenol