Urinalysis: Chem Strip Flashcards
What does the normal urine pH depend on?
diet
What diet will cause an alkaline pH?
vegetable
What diet will cause an acidic pH?
increased protein or animal protein origin
What pH does this lead to?
- Fever, starvation, increased protein, acidosis
- Excessive muscular activity, drugs
acidic (0-7)
What pH does this lead to?
1. Alkalosis, UT infection, urease-producing bacteria 2. Obstruction, drugs
alkaline (7-14)
This is normal to see in dogs, expressed or voided samples of urine?
protein
When is protein not normally seen? (2)
cysto or catheter
Increased protein in the diet and strenuous exercise can increase levels of what in the urine?
protein
What is it called when there is glucose in the urine?
glucosuria or glycosuria
What can hyperglycemia or increased blood glucose levels indicate?
diabetes mellitus
A high carb meal can cause what?
glucosuria
What can fear, excitement, and restraint cause?
glucosuria due to epinephrine release
What is formed during fatty acid breakdown?
Ketones
What causes an increase in Ketones?
excess amount of fat broken down instead if carbohydrate metabolism
What is it called when there is Ketones in the urine?
Ketonuria
Lactating cows, pregnant cows and ewes are more likely to have what in their urine?
ketones
What is Ketosis associated with?
hypoglycemia
What is caused by carbohydrate intake not keeping up with energy needs? (2)
ketosis and hypoglycemia
Lack of insulin required for glucose utilization is called what?
diabetes mellitus
What can these things contribute to?
- high fat diet
- starvation
- fasting
- vomiting/diarrhea
- liver disease
ketones
Where is the source of blood in urine that causes hematuria?
urogenital tract
What amount of blood will not change the color of the urine?
minute blood
What amount of blood must be detected by a sediment or chemistry?
occult blood
What amount of RBC is normal to see per high powered field?
<5 RBC
Estrus in dogs may cause what?
RBC
