Urbanisation Flashcards
What is urbanisation
The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas
What are the causes of urbanisation (6)
Migration (esp rural urban migration)
Natural increase (youthful pop)
A wider choice of employment
Easier access to school and healthcare
Rural May be over populated +/- desertification May have taken place
Improvement in farming
What are the consequences or urbanisation (5)
Traffic congestion
Air pollution
Low quality of life in shanty towns
Loss of culture
Waste management problems
What can be seen as both a cause and consequence of urbanisation (2)
Inadequate fresh water supply
Lack of accessible health and education services
Explain how rural over population and desertification is a cause of urbanisation
Birth rates are higher then death rates in rural areas because…
So too many mouthes to feed leads to over use of farm land which then loses its fertility due to the top soil being loose and flying away, and then becomes desert.
This is a push factor
Explain how improvement and changes in farm practices is a cause of urbanisation
There has been improvement and changes in farming practices
Eg intensive farming
This means there are more food supplies available in urban areas and so people move there
Especially if desertification has occurred where they previously lived in rural areas due to rural over population
This is a pull factor
Explain how Traffic congestion ‘all day rush hours’ is a consequence of urbanisation
Urbanisation- larger population in urban areas
Results in more people driving vehicles in urban areas
Can cause traffic congestion and all day rush hours
FACTORY owners who benefit from more workers can also then afford to get cars— adding to congestion and rush hours
Explain how a lack of accessible health and education services can be seen as both a cause and consequence of urbanisation
Urbanisation often takes place due to lack of accessible health and education services
Lack of skilled migrants leading and small pop —> inaccessible services as only a few
More people in urban- higher pop- all need access to service— can cause lack of accessibility due to a higher demand needed
What is a million city
A city with over a million inhabitants
There were 80 in 1959, but now there are 340
They can also be called millionaire cities
What is a world city
A city that acts as a major centre for finance, trade, business, politics, culture, science, publishing; all all associated activities-
serving not just a country of region known as ‘hubs of’
What is a mega city
Metropolitan area- total population in excess of 10 million
Density normally over 2000people/km squared
Can be made up of 2 or more metropolitan areas that converge upon one another
Less then 25% are in MEDCs
Explain the distribution of the world’s largest cities
80% below the Brandt line in LEDCs.
Apart from Newyork and Tokyo
Could be because of urbanisation- occurs more in LEDCs as the rural areas are less build up
An overpopulation city can cause less economic development to take place as higher demand for eg food and accommodation
Could be why most largest cities below Brandt line
Explain the distribution of the world’s fastest growing cities
10/10 below Brandt line
In LEDCS
Due to crop failures, natural disasters, unemployment, lack of basic amenities, and bad health care
The urban areas could provide better paid jobs, reliable food supply, health and education services. All of these cause urbanisation to take place
What is the process of the urban growth model
Urbanisation
->
Suburbanisation
->
Counter urbanisation
->
Deindustrialisation
->
Urban resurgence
LEDC
Less economically developed country
