Definitions Flashcards
Urbanisation
Growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas- as a %
Urban growth
Growth of people living in urban areas
Measured in numbers of people
CBD
Central business district
Brownfield site
Land that has previously been build on
Derelict
Greenfield site
Land that hasn’t previously been built on
Urban pull factor
Things pulling people to urban areas
Rural push factor
Things pushing people away from rural areas to urban areas
Sustainability
The physical characteristics that make up a city including its size and shape and population density and how it is arranged (eg land patterns in diff areas)
Inner city
Area closest to the CBD
World city
An interconnected global economic centres that has a significant influence on the world economy
Urban expansion
Increase in the physical size of an urban place
Measured for each urban place in KM2
Bid price model
A model which shows the structure of a typical urban place I The UK
Counter urbanisation
The movement of people out of the city into the surrounding villages and rural areas
Suburbanisation
Migration of people from the inner city to the outskirts of cities
Urban resurgence
Movement of people back to the city centre
Gentrification
Process of regeneration by affluent individuals
It usually occurs in deprived inner urban areas
Out of town retailing
Shops and services out of town- less people shop in CBD who can easier access these
Can cause deindustrialisation
Deprivation
Being without something
Eg deprived area- don’t have enough to live comfortably
Mega city
Metropolitan area- total pop in excess of 10 mill
Social segregation
Segregation into different social groups
Rural urban migration
People moving from rural areas to urban areas
Hubs of business transport and trade
World cities have strong connections to the rest of the world
Eg by internet, electric communication, air
Alpha ++
Highest classification of city
Eg London
Production hub
Feature of world city
Decisions about marketing and production across work are made by TNCs whose headquarters are in world cities
Political hubs
Feauture of world city
Make decisions
Often dictate through politicians tracing and economic links between countries
Influence and participate in international events (eg GB summits) and world affairs
Migration hubs
Feature of world city
- they attract talented people
Shanty town
a deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of shanty dwellings.
Informal work
Work that is neither taxed, nor monitored by any form of government.
Formal work
Work that is taxed, and monitored by form of government.
Urban sprawl
the spread of an urban area into what used to be countryside. Beyond the suburbs, many towns and cities have a green belt to stop urban sprawl. an unplanned urban area that has spread into what used to be rural land.
Natural increase
n demographics, the rate of natural increase (RNI) is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
Migration
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.
Infrastructure
the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise
Desertification
the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.
Ethnicity
the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.
Age structure
it’s a summary of the number of individuals of each age in the population
Housing tenure
refers to the financial arrangements under which someone has the right to live in a house or apartment.
The most frequent forms are tenancy, in which rent is paid to a landlord, and owner-occupancy.
Cultural diversity
the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
Decentralisation
the movement of shops, offices and industry away from urban centres in MEDCs and NICs into retail and business parks in the suburbs. Recent trends have been to decentralise still further out into many semi-rural locations. High land and labour costs are two of the main push factors.
PLVI
A peak land value intersection is the region within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce.
Conurbation
an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city.
Manufacturing industry
Secondary sector
Eg factory
Sustainability
meeting today’s needs and protecting the environment and resources for the future
Post modern city
A new urban form characterised by a patchwork of changing land use and striking architecture
