Definitions

Question 1

Urbanisation

Answer 1

Growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas- as a %

Question 2

Urban growth

Answer 2

Growth of people living in urban areas

Measured in numbers of people

Question 3

CBD

Answer 3

Central business district

Question 4

Brownfield site

Answer 4

Land that has previously been build on

Derelict

Question 5

Greenfield site

Answer 5

Land that hasn’t previously been built on

Question 6

Urban pull factor

Answer 6

Things pulling people to urban areas

Question 7

Rural push factor

Answer 7

Things pushing people away from rural areas to urban areas

Question 8

Sustainability

Answer 8

The physical characteristics that make up a city including its size and shape and population density and how it is arranged (eg land patterns in diff areas)

Question 9

Inner city

Answer 9

Area closest to the CBD

Question 10

World city

Answer 10

An interconnected global economic centres that has a significant influence on the world economy

Question 11

Urban expansion

Answer 11

Increase in the physical size of an urban place

Measured for each urban place in KM2

Question 12

Bid price model

Answer 12

A model which shows the structure of a typical urban place I The UK

Question 13

Counter urbanisation

Answer 13

The movement of people out of the city into the surrounding villages and rural areas

Question 14

Suburbanisation

Answer 14

Migration of people from the inner city to the outskirts of cities

Question 15

Urban resurgence

Answer 15

Movement of people back to the city centre

Question 16

Gentrification

Answer 16

Process of regeneration by affluent individuals

It usually occurs in deprived inner urban areas

Question 17

Out of town retailing

Answer 17

Shops and services out of town- less people shop in CBD who can easier access these

Can cause deindustrialisation

Question 18

Deprivation

Answer 18

Being without something

Eg deprived area- don’t have enough to live comfortably

Question 19

Mega city

Answer 19

Metropolitan area- total pop in excess of 10 mill

Question 20

Social segregation

Answer 20

Segregation into different social groups

Question 21

Rural urban migration

Answer 21

People moving from rural areas to urban areas

Question 22

Hubs of business transport and trade

Answer 22

World cities have strong connections to the rest of the world

Eg by internet, electric communication, air

Question 23

Alpha ++

Answer 23

Highest classification of city

Eg London

Question 24

Production hub

Answer 24

Feature of world city

Decisions about marketing and production across work are made by TNCs whose headquarters are in world cities

Question 25

Political hubs

Answer 25

Feauture of world city

Make decisions

Often dictate through politicians tracing and economic links between countries

Influence and participate in international events (eg GB summits) and world affairs

Question 26

Migration hubs

Answer 26

Feature of world city

• they attract talented people

Question 27

Shanty town

Answer 27

a deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of shanty dwellings.

Question 28

Informal work

Answer 28

Work that is neither taxed, nor monitored by any form of government.

Question 29

Formal work

Answer 29

Work that is taxed, and monitored by form of government.

Question 30

Urban sprawl

Answer 30

the spread of an urban area into what used to be countryside. Beyond the suburbs, many towns and cities have a green belt to stop urban sprawl. an unplanned urban area that has spread into what used to be rural land.

Question 31

Natural increase

Answer 31

n demographics, the rate of natural increase (RNI) is the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.

Question 32

Migration

Answer 32

Migration is the movement of people from one place to another.

Question 33

Infrastructure

Answer 33

the basic physical and organizational structures and facilities (e.g. buildings, roads, power supplies) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

Question 34

Desertification

Answer 34

the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

Question 35

Ethnicity

Answer 35

the fact or state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultural tradition.

Question 36

Age structure

Answer 36

it’s a summary of the number of individuals of each age in the population

Question 37

Housing tenure

Answer 37

refers to the financial arrangements under which someone has the right to live in a house or apartment.

The most frequent forms are tenancy, in which rent is paid to a landlord, and owner-occupancy.

Question 38

Cultural diversity

Answer 38

the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.

Question 39

Decentralisation

Answer 39

the movement of shops, offices and industry away from urban centres in MEDCs and NICs into retail and business parks in the suburbs. Recent trends have been to decentralise still further out into many semi-rural locations. High land and labour costs are two of the main push factors.

Question 40

PLVI

Answer 40

A peak land value intersection is the region within a settlement with the greatest land value and commerce.

Question 41

Conurbation

Answer 41

an extended urban area, typically consisting of several towns merging with the suburbs of a central city.

Question 42

Manufacturing industry

Answer 42

Secondary sector

Eg factory

Question 43

Sustainability

Answer 43

meeting today’s needs and protecting the environment and resources for the future

Question 44

Post modern city

Answer 44

A new urban form characterised by a patchwork of changing land use and striking architecture