Urban Decline And Regeneration In London

Question 1

London in 1980

Decline in population

Answer 1

Lost 16% of pop in 1939-1981
(Largely due to suburbanisation (voluntary and forced) and counter urbanisation

Figure for easy London where the London docks were situated was 20%bin the last 10 years before 1981

Question 2

London in 1980

Decline in employment

Answer 2

When London docks closed in 1980- 10,000 people lost their jobs directly

Estimated 100,000 lost their jobs indirectly

Some parts of East London had unemployment rates of 60%

Question 3

London in 1980-

Lea Valley Docks and the economy

Answer 3

Lea Valley is to the north of docklands and so was srsly affected

1870s- UKs largest manufacturing area

Loss of manufacturing industry= deindustrialisation
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Question 4

Deindustrilisation was a nation wide process

Elaborate

Answer 4

1969-1981–> 1.6 milk jobs lost in major UK urban areas

This was 75% of all job losses in this time period

Mostlosses- traditional manufacturing (secondary industries)

Greatest consequences of deindustrilisation in all urban areas- always seen in inner city areas as these were traditional locations for manufacturing industries

Question 5

Economic effects of de industrialisation

Answer 5

Inner city unemployment rates- 50% higher than rest of country

Traditional manufacturing centres (eg Liverpool, Sheffield, Newcastle, Glasgow, Birmingham)= worst hit as industrial decline was highest

Question 6

Social effects of deindustrialisation

Answer 6

New migrants nice to inner irban area as low skill and money jobs- causes social segregation and racial tension

Brain drain- inner urban are loses skilled migrants who are often younger age groups 20-30

Low education attainment- language difficulties/ low motivation

Remaining population- older and or less qualified, they feel depressed left behind and angry

Inner city riots of 1989 prove the disengagement

Poor health- low income
Poor diet
Low motivation

Question 7

Environmental effects of deindustrialisation

Answer 7

Physical Environment of inner city- further decline- poor quality housing (old poorly designed or maintained) vandalism, dereliction, lack of open space

As those who remained are least able and least motivated to make improvements,the decline accelerated
This is a NGP (neg multiplier effect)