Mumbai Case Study and Vision Mumbai Flashcards
Population of Mumbai
Population of 20 million
Urban form shape-
Elongated shape as
1st it was deep water international port based on on 7 islands which were separated by swamps
The swamps got drained forming 1 island
It is an elongated shape 30km from North to South and only 15km at widest from east to west
density
On average- population density- 27000 per km squared
One of the highest population density of any city in the world
Urban form/ organisation of land use::
THE CBD
Also knows as ‘The fort Area’
India’s financial centre
Bombay stock exchange and Bandra Kurla complex north west of CBD
Shopping districts (eg Colaba causeway)= south of south Mumbai CBD caters for the growing Middle class Indian consumers
Urban form/organisation of land use(s)
Industrial land uses
Widely distributed
New high technology business parks North of CBD
Older industrial zones concentrated around part to south of central area
25% of India’s Industrial output originated in Mumbai and
40% of India’s trade flows through the port here
Urban form/organisation of land use(s)
Residential land use
Growing middle class in modern apartments near the CBD areas (eg Malabar Hills) and inc inwards towards the outskirts of the city
CONTRAST
60% pop of Mumbai live I squatted settlements distributed throughout urban areas
Largest=Dharavi located in Heart of Mumbai- w modern housing and commercial properties on side.
Reasons for growth of Mumbai
Economic reasons
Goods like cotton exported to be processed in Britain into textiles
Independence 1947- Mumbai developed rapidly
Cotton manufactured in textiles mills in city to add value
Mumbai is now India’s main financial commercial and production centre
Houses Bombay stock exchange/ banks etc
Focus now on services
Textile mills are closed
Reasons for the growth of Mumbai
Technological reasons
Advances in tech made construction of 500m and buildings possible
Tallest build Mumbai= 245m ‘Imperial II’ now faller buildings-450m- ‘World 1’ under construction
Reasons for the growth of Mumbai
Political reasons
Low tax policy- success- Mumbai is now the leading financial and commercial centre in Indian
BUT
as of it wealth gap
Reasons for growth of Mumbai
Demographic reasons
Migration
1000 new arrivals every day from rural areas
Natural growth- youthful pop
Issues In Mumbai
Social and economic inequalities
60% of Mumbai pop live in slums
Inc MC as India is NIC
social segregation due to social Inequality
Urban areas Vasal and Malabar Hill- developed to gator for these people
This is suburbanisation
75% Mumbai is suburbanaties
Economy- no find to improve services and for the slum dwellers
5 million Mumbaians w out water
Issues in Mumbai
Cultural diversity
Diverse- migrants from every part of India at rate of 1000 a day
16 major Lang’s inc English
Inter faith/ ethnic relation- positive but
Dec 1992- Jan 1993 over 1000 killed and city paralysed
Dharavi living
High density living
What is the financial districts called/where is it
Nariman point
What is near the Deepwater port CBD
Retail- Columbia causeway
Historic buildings- The fort
Where does deindustrilisation take place
Former textile mills
What new is significant near Dharavi
new financial district BKC OMWA TNC HQ
Where is low density living in Mambai
Suburbs
Vasai
Whwt occurs In north Mumbai near the suburbs
Urban sprawl
Peripheral growth
What is north of Mumbai
National Park
Salsette island
What is nearby malabar hills (and where is it)
South Mumbai
Near affluent suburbs and the seconds CBD
What is East Mumbai
Indian mainland and Vasai
Services in Mumbai
Inc banking
Call centres
Insurance
All of which rely of well educated English speaking work force
Entertainment in Mumbai
World’s largest film industry called Bollywood
Construction in Mumbai
Enormous demand for new houses factories and offices
As a result many migrants are employed in this sector
Manufacturing in Mumbai
Main manufacturing industry is textiles which employs half of the cities factory workers
Other booming industries include engineering and computer software
Most products are for exports
Mumbai’s biggest problem
To attract investment, tax rates are kept low which means that
Despite the industrial growth the city authorities have a limited income available to develop the city for the benefit of the large numbers of low wage/low income families
What is Dharavi
A shanty town situated to the north of central Mumbai
How many people living in Dharavi
1 million live illegally there
Housing- in Dharavi (issues)
Small 3m * 4m— crowded
Wooden structure- fire hazard and hard to get out
No privacy
Housing in Dharavi (opportunities)
No rent
Self improvement —> consolidation
Access to workplace—
Community in Dharavi (issues)
Not welcoming to outsiders
Lack of privacy
No rift to be there- can be moved on
Community in Dharavi (opportunities)
Everyone works together and are close and v social
Everyone prays together- make do mosque
Work seems like a social gathering
Access to service/shops everything in walking distance
Cooperation and support
Crime is not wide spread due to strong social structures of
Sanitation in Dharavi (issues)
Children play near them- disease
Inc toxic compounds- can contaminate water supply as close to water pipe
High levels of typhoid etc
4000 cases a day in hospital due to contaminated water
clothes can’t be clean- contaminated
Cholera
500 people per toilet
Rats in rubbish
Water rationed to 2 hours a day
Sanitation in Dharavi (opportunities)
Some have access to communal toilets
Employment in Dharavi (issues)
Industry- untaxed, illegal
Bad working conditions
Child workers
25% workers live/ sleep in work place
-poor air quality esp in pottery district
Employment in Dharavi (opportunity)
80% have job
Many= wealthy
Cheap labour- keep cost low
15000 small factories generating a billion a year- based on low wages, kovregukations, no tax
80% of Mumbai’s plastic is recycled here
Some formal employment and much informal employment
What is Vision Mumbai
Plan to transform Dharavi into a world class city by 2015 w a new transport system, upgraded services + higher quality housing for all
Main aim- million low cost houses to be built to reduce slum population to 10% of 2000 level
Slums like Dharavi would go
Private developers- build high rise flats and commercial properties on valuable land
Environmental sustainability of Vision Mumbai
Building on brownfield sites - no destroys of additional habitat, won’t affect ecosystems and ruin biodiversity
Removal of open sewage system- less rats and pollution etc
Polluting industries such as soap and leather tanning will be moved to outskirts of Mumbai to improve air quality
Economical sustainability of Vision Mumbai
Located south of Mithi river and is less resistant to flooding
Makes the area look more attractive and makes the land more valuable
People will pay more to live there- Positive Multiplier effect
Plan is to redevelop for expansion of BKC. This is Mumbai’s new financial districts- this would benefit TNCs
Government tax might increase if companies pay tax- can improve services
Social sustainability of Vision Mumbai
Any family that can prove they lived in Dharavi since 1995 will receive free housing in the new blocks
Dharavi is located south of Mithi river- resistant to flooding m- more attractive- high quality of life for people living there
Hospitals/schools services etc built- high quality of life for those who live there as educated etc
New housing tower blocks being built w modern amnesties. Inc inside toilets and running water- no more open sewers m- reduced illness- currently 4000 cases a day
NOT Environmental sustainability of Vision Mumbai
Reconstruction/buildings new flats/buildings etc size air pollution
NOT Socially sustainability of Vision Mumbai
Many residents of Dharavi who haven’t lived there since 1995 have to leave- homeless- low quality life
Flow of migrants high -1000 a week- VM can’t be the solution
Thousands of smaller industrial units= shut down. Rise people will be out of work- less disposable income - can’t afford eg private health care- low standard of living
PLAN NOT FINISHED 2015 DEADLINE
NOT Economically sustainability of Vision Mumbai
Thousands of smaller industrial units that work out of lofts- shut out of work- no disposable income- neg ME
Unregulated small scale ‘swear shops’ forced to close
Unemployment rates rises.
