Mumbai Case Study and Vision Mumbai

Question 1

Population of Mumbai

Answer 1

Population of 20 million

Question 2

Urban form shape-

Answer 2

Elongated shape as

1st it was deep water international port based on on 7 islands which were separated by swamps

The swamps got drained forming 1 island

It is an elongated shape 30km from North to South and only 15km at widest from east to west

Question 3

density

Answer 3

On average- population density- 27000 per km squared

One of the highest population density of any city in the world

Question 4

Urban form/ organisation of land use::

THE CBD

Answer 4

Also knows as ‘The fort Area’

India’s financial centre

Bombay stock exchange and Bandra Kurla complex north west of CBD

Shopping districts (eg Colaba causeway)= south of south Mumbai CBD caters for the growing Middle class Indian consumers

Question 5

Urban form/organisation of land use(s)

Industrial land uses

Answer 5

Widely distributed

New high technology business parks North of CBD

Older industrial zones concentrated around part to south of central area

25% of India’s Industrial output originated in Mumbai and
40% of India’s trade flows through the port here

Question 6

Urban form/organisation of land use(s)

Residential land use

Answer 6

Growing middle class in modern apartments near the CBD areas (eg Malabar Hills) and inc inwards towards the outskirts of the city

CONTRAST

60% pop of Mumbai live I squatted settlements distributed throughout urban areas

Largest=Dharavi located in Heart of Mumbai- w modern housing and commercial properties on side.

Question 7

Reasons for growth of Mumbai

Economic reasons

Answer 7

Goods like cotton exported to be processed in Britain into textiles

Independence 1947- Mumbai developed rapidly

Cotton manufactured in textiles mills in city to add value

Mumbai is now India’s main financial commercial and production centre
Houses Bombay stock exchange/ banks etc

Focus now on services
Textile mills are closed

Question 8

Reasons for the growth of Mumbai

Technological reasons

Answer 8

Advances in tech made construction of 500m and buildings possible

Tallest build Mumbai= 245m ‘Imperial II’ now faller buildings-450m- ‘World 1’ under construction

Question 9

Reasons for the growth of Mumbai

Political reasons

Answer 9

Low tax policy- success- Mumbai is now the leading financial and commercial centre in Indian

BUT

as of it wealth gap

Question 10

Reasons for growth of Mumbai

Demographic reasons

Answer 10

Migration
1000 new arrivals every day from rural areas

Natural growth- youthful pop

Question 11

Issues In Mumbai

Social and economic inequalities

Answer 11

60% of Mumbai pop live in slums
Inc MC as India is NIC

social segregation due to social Inequality

Urban areas Vasal and Malabar Hill- developed to gator for these people
This is suburbanisation

75% Mumbai is suburbanaties

Economy- no find to improve services and for the slum dwellers

5 million Mumbaians w out water

Question 12

Issues in Mumbai

Cultural diversity

Answer 12

Diverse- migrants from every part of India at rate of 1000 a day

16 major Lang’s inc English

Inter faith/ ethnic relation- positive but
Dec 1992- Jan 1993 over 1000 killed and city paralysed

Question 13

Dharavi living

Answer 13

High density living

Question 14

What is the financial districts called/where is it

Answer 14

Nariman point

Question 15

What is near the Deepwater port CBD

Answer 15

Retail- Columbia causeway

Historic buildings- The fort

Question 16

Where does deindustrilisation take place

Answer 16

Former textile mills

Question 17

What new is significant near Dharavi

Answer 17

new financial district BKC OMWA TNC HQ

Question 18

Where is low density living in Mambai

Answer 18

Suburbs

Vasai

Question 19

Whwt occurs In north Mumbai near the suburbs

Answer 19

Urban sprawl

Peripheral growth

Question 20

What is north of Mumbai

Answer 20

National Park

Salsette island

Question 21

What is nearby malabar hills (and where is it)

Answer 21

South Mumbai

Near affluent suburbs and the seconds CBD

Question 22

What is East Mumbai

Answer 22

Indian mainland and Vasai

Question 23

Services in Mumbai

Answer 23

Inc banking
Call centres
Insurance

All of which rely of well educated English speaking work force

Question 24

Entertainment in Mumbai

Answer 24

World’s largest film industry called Bollywood

Question 25

Construction in Mumbai

Answer 25

Enormous demand for new houses factories and offices

As a result many migrants are employed in this sector

Question 26

Manufacturing in Mumbai

Answer 26

Main manufacturing industry is textiles which employs half of the cities factory workers

Other booming industries include engineering and computer software

Most products are for exports

Question 27

Mumbai’s biggest problem

Answer 27

To attract investment, tax rates are kept low which means that

Despite the industrial growth the city authorities have a limited income available to develop the city for the benefit of the large numbers of low wage/low income families

Question 28

What is Dharavi

Answer 28

A shanty town situated to the north of central Mumbai

Question 29

How many people living in Dharavi

Answer 29

1 million live illegally there

Question 30

Housing- in Dharavi (issues)

Answer 30

Small 3m * 4m— crowded

Wooden structure- fire hazard and hard to get out

No privacy

Question 31

Housing in Dharavi (opportunities)

Answer 31

No rent

Self improvement —> consolidation

Access to workplace—

Question 32

Community in Dharavi (issues)

Answer 32

Not welcoming to outsiders

Lack of privacy

No rift to be there- can be moved on

Question 33

Community in Dharavi (opportunities)

Answer 33

Everyone works together and are close and v social

Everyone prays together- make do mosque

Work seems like a social gathering

Access to service/shops everything in walking distance

Cooperation and support

Crime is not wide spread due to strong social structures of

Question 34

Sanitation in Dharavi (issues)

Answer 34

Children play near them- disease

Inc toxic compounds- can contaminate water supply as close to water pipe

High levels of typhoid etc

4000 cases a day in hospital due to contaminated water

clothes can’t be clean- contaminated

Cholera

500 people per toilet

Rats in rubbish

Water rationed to 2 hours a day

Question 35

Sanitation in Dharavi (opportunities)

Answer 35

Some have access to communal toilets

Question 36

Employment in Dharavi (issues)

Answer 36

Industry- untaxed, illegal

Bad working conditions

Child workers

25% workers live/ sleep in work place

-poor air quality esp in pottery district

Question 37

Employment in Dharavi (opportunity)

Answer 37

80% have job

Many= wealthy

Cheap labour- keep cost low

15000 small factories generating a billion a year- based on low wages, kovregukations, no tax

80% of Mumbai’s plastic is recycled here

Some formal employment and much informal employment

Question 38

What is Vision Mumbai

Answer 38

Plan to transform Dharavi into a world class city by 2015 w a new transport system, upgraded services + higher quality housing for all

Main aim- million low cost houses to be built to reduce slum population to 10% of 2000 level

Slums like Dharavi would go

Private developers- build high rise flats and commercial properties on valuable land

Question 39

Environmental sustainability of Vision Mumbai

Answer 39

Building on brownfield sites - no destroys of additional habitat, won’t affect ecosystems and ruin biodiversity

Removal of open sewage system- less rats and pollution etc

Polluting industries such as soap and leather tanning will be moved to outskirts of Mumbai to improve air quality

Question 40

Economical sustainability of Vision Mumbai

Answer 40

Located south of Mithi river and is less resistant to flooding
Makes the area look more attractive and makes the land more valuable

People will pay more to live there- Positive Multiplier effect

Plan is to redevelop for expansion of BKC. This is Mumbai’s new financial districts- this would benefit TNCs

Government tax might increase if companies pay tax- can improve services

Question 41

Social sustainability of Vision Mumbai

Answer 41

Any family that can prove they lived in Dharavi since 1995 will receive free housing in the new blocks

Dharavi is located south of Mithi river- resistant to flooding m- more attractive- high quality of life for people living there

Hospitals/schools services etc built- high quality of life for those who live there as educated etc

New housing tower blocks being built w modern amnesties. Inc inside toilets and running water- no more open sewers m- reduced illness- currently 4000 cases a day

Question 42

NOT Environmental sustainability of Vision Mumbai

Answer 42

Reconstruction/buildings new flats/buildings etc size air pollution

Question 43

NOT Socially sustainability of Vision Mumbai

Answer 43

Many residents of Dharavi who haven’t lived there since 1995 have to leave- homeless- low quality life

Flow of migrants high -1000 a week- VM can’t be the solution

Thousands of smaller industrial units= shut down. Rise people will be out of work- less disposable income - can’t afford eg private health care- low standard of living

PLAN NOT FINISHED 2015 DEADLINE

Question 44

NOT Economically sustainability of Vision Mumbai

Answer 44

Thousands of smaller industrial units that work out of lofts- shut out of work- no disposable income- neg ME

Unregulated small scale ‘swear shops’ forced to close
Unemployment rates rises.