urban issues and challenges Flashcards
what does rural mean
a countryside with low population
what does urban mean
a built up area with a lot of people living there
what does migration mean
to move from a country and live in another
what does urbanization mean
the increasing proportion of people moving from rural to urban areas
how has the global urban population rapidly increase since 1950
since 1950 only 30% lived in city’s it is now projected to be 70% in 2050
what is a mega city
this is a city with 10 million plus people in it
what is an example of a mega city
London
where are the percentage of mega city’s located
in Asia,
what is natural increase
this is where the birth rate exceeds the death rate
what are the challenges faced by mega city’s
accommodating slums/ homeless
rubbish
huge traffic problems
diseases spread
where is Rio situated
On the Brazil Atlantic coastline in south america. Brazil is located on the east coast with 10 orderings countries including Bolivia and Peru
what is the importance of Rio internationally
the main airport is in Rio and gets you into all of the main business in Brazil
what is the importance of Rio locally
attracts 1 million people to carnival has a population of 6.5 million
what are the four zones in Rio
north= used for travel and favellas
south= tourists, wealthy area
central = histrocical and business
and west=lower class
how has Rios population changed
it has changed from 4 million to 10 million
what factors push you away from rio
schools are poor
liitle to no healthcare
low quality of life
poor harvests due to droughts
no ownership of land
mechanization taking farm workers jobs
what factors pull you towards Rio
better job chances
more entertainment
improved quality of life
better education
better chance in life
electricity and water
how has the literacy rate changed in rio since 1993 to 2011
it has decreased by three percent
how has education in Rio changed
all forms of education have improved from it was in 1933 to how it is currently. it has improved by about 30%
what is economic decline
this is the process of an area or company slowly declining in money sanitation and employees
low personal income
less access to food and safe water
hunger and poor sanitation
disease malnutrition
depleted workforce
what is the access to health care like in Rio
it is poor and unequal 2013 only 55% of the city had a local clinic and in the favelas of Santa Marat the nearest hospital id 13km away. life expectancy varies between 45 and 80
why has Rios favelas grown
thy have grown due to an increase in migration and due to natural increase.
what are the problems with favellas
construction= hard to build ,very limited access to water and electricity
,open sewers, hard to build houses on slope
crime= drug gangs, Red command, drag cartels, drug trafficking, weapons
services= no public services, police brutality, many homes with illegal electricity connection
health=population density over 37000 per km
infant mortality
waste cannot be disposed off
unemployment= no government
unemployment as high as 20%
average income may be as less than 75%
what was the favela bario project
this was the project which was put in place to improve the standard of living in favellas by improving infrastructure
what did they do in favela bario project
they fixed buildings to hill to prevent landslides
new health, leisure, education facilitates instillation of a cable car to the center of ipannea so resident can get to work
100% morgages for people to pay for homes
was favela bario a successful project
literacy rates have improved due to schools
people can travel easier as roads are wider and safer
the taxes from residents to improve services
however rents have increased pushing poor out of the city
the project has obly helped one favela
unempolyment is till very high
how is the uks population set up
the uks population is distributed unevenly. England has a higher population density than Scotland or wales. The southeast of England has the highest population density for example london has iver 5000 people per square kilometer. whereas in northern Scotland there is less that 25 per square km
why is the uks population distributed unevenly
this is due to its changing weather patterns across the uk, The north east of the uk is often cold arctic winds and the south west has tropical winds and is very warm. furthermore it is more dense in the south due o the higher amount of jobs and better paid jobs
what is employment in the uk like
it is unevenly distributed
the avergae icome in 35000
in the Scottish highlands it is 20000
and in some parts of wales and north west england it is 17000
where is london located
London is located in the south east of england. The city has a tidal river callled the river Thames running through it making easy transport of goods
what is the population of london
8.9 million
what is the average of life expectancy in London
79
What is the life expectancy of the uk
78
What is the average house price in the London
525000
What is the average hose price in uk
249000
What is the average income of the uk
35,000
What is the average income of the uk
27756
What is the importance of London nationally
London is the is capital city where the government is based
London generates 22% of the uks GDP
London is a transport hub
What is the importance of London internationally
London is describe as a world city
Attracts investors
Most visited city’s
What opportunities are there in London
Better health care
Better jobs
Higher income
Tourism
Entertainment
Multi cultural
What is the cycle of urban decline
deterioration of the inner city often caused by lack of investment and maintenance
Where is Stratford located
Stratford is a town in East London, England, within the London Borough of Newham. Part of the Lower Lea Valley, Stratford
Why did London win the bid for the olympics
Local communities would benefit
London is a global city
London is well connected
Why did Stratford need regeneration
Landfill sites witting the view of housing
Crime rate was high
Perceptions of the area were unfavourable
Most deprived area in London
What were the economic reason for regeneration in Stratford
Bad transport
Bad road conditions
Little jobs
Very little industry
What are the environmental reasons for regeneration in Stratford
Little green space in the lower Lea valley
Abandoned land and overgrown and contaminated
River lea polluted with plastics
How was Stratford regenerated
New homes were rebuilt
New and improved transport
By 2030 10,000 homes will be built
New academy for 2000 pupils
Water way cleared
New walking and cycling route created
9 billion in provate investment
Sports equipment
What are the problems before the regeneration of stratford
They could get marooned without canals
Very bad smell
Dead things in the canal
Chemicals in land
Struggle to go to school
What are the problems after regeneration
Overcrowding
No to much building space
Hard to get shopping due to entertainment
Services get overwhelmed
How do you live sustainably
Meeting need of the present without compromising the needs of the future
How does London live sustainably
Borris bikes
Verticals farming
Queens jubilee tree plantings
What are sustainable features which are used in Freiburg
Positive buildings
bicycle usage
trams
high insulation
solar pannles
no cars in the city
carbon free houses
solar and Geo thermal energy
where is freiberg located
it is in the south west of Germany on the western edge of the back near Switzerland
how does freiburg preserve energy
they use renewable sources and is aimed to be completely sustainable bu 2050
how do freiburg sustianbly use water
they have created flood basins for flood and rai water to be collected
why has urban traffic increased
some people have multiple cars
people commute further distances
what are the damaging effects of increased urban traffic
air pollution
overcrowding
noise pollution
road damages
danger of accident rises
heath problems increase such as asthma
how do we manage traffic
improve public transport
toil charges/ congestion charges
reduce or exclude traffic by creating traffic free zone
what is London super highway and how does it work
cycle paths from external London into central London to make it safe and more appealing for tourists
it reduces congestion and air pollution by reducing the cars on the road and reducing air pollution
‘’
was this a successful scheme yes and no as there are often arguments between cars and bikes and often traffic jams
what is the congestion charge and how did it work
it was introduced in 20003 to reduce the amount of traffic in central London this was done by placing a 15 charge to enter London with your car which caused a 10% reduction
it was successful as it decreased traffic however people with less money who had to travel would have to pay still
what was the challenge with housing in London
London is very unequal billionaires live in close proximity to the very poor. house prices are more expensive in london than anywhere else in the Uk.
how do we sole this problem we could build on green feils sites and build on brownfield sites or a run down industry area
what was the challenge with health care in london
in poor parts of london there is lower life expectancy than in the richer areas
we can improve health care by making it more accesable and reduce work force
what is the problem with education in the london
Bad school get the lowest number of gcse points per year
poor education is bad ass the pupils from those schools will struggle to get jobs
what is the problem with air pollution in the uk
there are dense road network so lost of cars
we could improve this with electric cars or bikes
why is waste disposal bad in London
1/4 of the waste goes to landfill
our waste is sometimes sent to other parts of the world
this can be solved by recycling more and using less packaging
whats urban sprawl
the rapid extention of geographic extent of cites
what is urban deprivation
a standard of living below that of the majority in a particular society that involves hardship
what is urban decline
its population loss and the concentartion in cities of major social economic and enviromental problems
what is the access to health care like in rio
is poor and equal only 55% of the city have local health care
they set up health care places and went into the favels to find any diseases they found 20 since thin infant mortalitt has deacreased
what is the problem with air pollution in rio
fumes from heavy traffic were often released along with pollutants from factories
new toll roads into city center to reduce congestion making roads one way during rush hour
what was the problem of inadequate electricity in Rio like
the whole city often deals with blackouts and favellas often are illegaly connected to power lines
this has been fixed by installing 60 km of new power lines and by building a nuclear generator yy
why are the crime rates in rio so high
in 2013 police were sent into the favellas to retake them from drug gangs
police have taken care of crime and dominated complexo do alemano and 30 smaller favellas
why is traffic congestion so bad in rio
this is caused by the increased usegae of cars
it has been fixed by one way roads during ruch hour and more public cycle paths
what is the access to education like in Rio
only half of Rios children are educated beyond 14
they have fixed this by encouraging locals to volunteer in school and have opended a uni
what is the water like in rio
guanabura bay had 200 tonnes of raw sewage dumped on it and 50 tonnes of industrial waste
they have fixed this problem by installing 300km of pipes in 2014
how is wealth spread across rio
in rio 1% of the richer people earn 12% of total income 50% of the poorer people only earn 13% of total income
this can be fixed by introducing tax relief
how do rio manage waste disposal
most waste is dumped which how cholera is common in the favellas
this can be fixed by creating a power plant and using the waste as fuel
what is employment like in Rio
in some parts of the city unemployment is close to 40%
this can be fixed by keeping children in school and creating more jobs
what are squatter settlements like in rio
there are 2 million squatter settlements in rio 1000 favelas
to reduce these we could put in a sefl help scheme where local authority help improve houses
