cold environments Flashcards
what is a cold environment
this is a place with cold temperatures all year round very icy and snowy usually tundra
what is permafrost
permanently frozen ground
what is tundra
the flat treeless regions of Europe frozen in winter
what is polar
the northern and southern regions which are frozen
where are the percentage of cold environments found
they are found in the arctic circle which is 66.5 degrees south and northern anomaly is that there are mountainous areas such as the Himalayas on the border of India
what is an adaptation
an adaptation is an adjustment of organisms to its environments
what are some example of polar adaptation for animals
polar beers have developed a waterproof white fur for good camo
Adeline penguins have small body surface area to make sure heat is contained
why are cold environments easily destroyed
they can be easily destroyed by humans
they take a long time to be established so can be very delicate
it can take a long time to repair
how can economic development be destroyed
cold environments are rich in supplies like gold, oil, coal etc for this to be extracted workshops are needed for people to work they also need to have large machines to extract them with ease which can cause damage
how can off road vehicles cause damage
they can leave deep tier tracks in the tundra as this goes on the area grows in size and damages more of the landscape
what is the impact of oil spills in polar areas
trees are killed
fire risk
becomes completely lifeless
habitats destroyed
why do we need to protect cold environments
to not overflow seas
to look after enlarged animals
to look after plant life
what is the location of Svalbard
Svalbard is located in the northern hemisphere in the north sea of the UK east of Canada
what is the background information of Svalbard
the sunsets in October and does not rise for four months
how is mineral extraction an opportunity in Svalbard
Svalbard has a rich reserve in coal and other resources
why is mining a controversial issue in the environment
this is because many environmental groups are against it as burning coal is a major cause of green house gases
How are energy developments a opportunity in Svalbard
they could use geothermal energy as the main source in the future
despite already using coal
how is fishing an opportunity in Svalbard
there are an estimated 150 fish around Svalbard controlled by norway and russia there are also large fish nursery grounds around svalbard
how is tourism an opportunity in Svalbard
very popular destination as people see the area as an adventurous place
in 2011 70,000 people visited 30,000 of these people were cruisers
why are extreme temperatures a challenge in Svalbard
the temperature can drop to minus 30 degrees in the glacial areas
you can get frost bite
work outdoors such as building can be very slow and dangerous
how is construction a challenge in Svalbard
its things can be destroyed when the ice cracks
hard to build due to permafrost
most roads are gravel or dirt
How is accessibility a challenge in Svalbard
they have on airport
very few roads
no trains
and few ports
In Svalbard what is a problem they have overcome and how
they have large herds of animals migrate across the route pipeline
they have risen the pipeline so that thy can migrate without it interfering
how is technology used in Svalbard
they use pipelines to transport oil
how ever this is difficult as as they find it hard to run pipe lines due to the fact that they cannot break down the ground
how can the government protect cold environments
the national environment policy act ensure that companies involved with the extraction of oil protect the natural environment
they could create special reserves
more sustainable fisheries
What is stated in the Antarctic treaty
recognises the importance of the continent of scientific research especially into climate change
controls tourism and keeps disturbance to a minimum
this treaty was signed by countries which have territorial claims to parts of Svalbard
what is a wilderness are
a wilderness area is a wild and unspoiled area unaffected by human activity
what is the AO1 mark
that is the knowledge mark
what is the AO2 mark
explanation of your point
what is the A03 mark
your evaluation
